Many efforts have been made to understand the effects of hydrogen on titanium alloys, resulting in an abundance of theoretical models and papers. Titanium alloys are crucial advanced materials that provide an excellent combination of a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion behaviour even though they are reasonable to corrosion attack. Titanium alloys are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when comes into contact with hydrogen, and galvanic pair with an active metal current, or the pH is greater than 12 or less than 3 or an impressed current. In view of the fact that hydrogen behaves differently with α and β phases, hydrogen degradation may vary markedly in titanium alloys. Hydrogen diminishes the corrosion and erosion resistance and fatigue life of in-service titanium components. A laser peening or laser shock peening is a novel technique for making the metal surfaces and sub-layers densify. It evokes that laser shock peening adoption results in yielding and plastic deformation, thereby creating high compressive residual stresses extending below the surface of the material which is desirable for hydrogen embrittlement resistance and reduction of crack initiation and growth of the component. This article is a review of information relating hydrogen embrittlement of titanium alloys and surface modification technique which influence the strength potential of titanium alloys. © IMechE 2019.