In the current study, we emphasize that osteopontin is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of osteopontin levels was confirmed by mRNA quantification studies and immunohistochemistry analysis. Based on this, a gold nanoparticle–based ELISA system was developed for non-invasive osteopontin detection. The incorporation of AuNRs (Gold nanorods) or AuNSs (Gold nanospheres) in the conventional ELISA improved the sensitivity of analyses. A considerably lowered detection limit in case of AuNR (detection limit: 0.02 ng mL− 1) and AuNS (detection limit: 0.03 ng mL− 1) modified assay was obtained as compared to commercially available OPN ELISA kit (detection limit: 0.14 ng mL− 1). The modified ELISA had a wide linear detection range (0.31–20 ng mL− 1), good reproducibility, and specificity against the tested interferents in the saliva. Finally, the nanoELISA was validated with osteopontin spiked in artificial and normal saliva samples and observed to show good recovery (95.4–97.85%), which indicates the application potential of the developed kit for real sample analysis. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Chandra Sekaran N

Centre for Nanobiotechnology

Vellore Campus

Amitava Mukherjee

Chakraborty D

Viveka T.S

Arvind K

Shyamsundar V

Kanchan M

Alex S.A

Vijayalakshmi R

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Clinica Chimica Acta

High incidence of oral carcinoma and its late-stage presentation are the major global healthcare issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer as their primary objective. It is important to consider the time of oral screening, as it plays a pivotal role in understanding the disease prognosis. Critical signs and symptoms that can be identified during initial oral screening can improve the chances of patient's survival. Reports suggest that socio-economic factors, lack of public awareness and delays from primary health care centers are few of the major parameters that contribute to patient's mortality and morbidity. Conventional technique of visual examination of the oral lesion can effectively monitor patient mortality when exposed to risk factors. However, several disadvantages limit the clinical utility of this technique. Thus, screening aids that efficiently differentiate between a benign and malignant lesion as well as deliver information about early OSCC can ameliorate the complications associated with oral cancer diagnosis. Recent advances in optical imaging systems, such as tissue-fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography have been proved to be considerably efficient. Additionally, extensive research has been directed towards nanoparticle-based immunosensors, DNA analysis, and salivary proteomics. However, lack of proper clinical trials and correlation with biopsy result hinder the usage of these screening techniques in clinics. In this review, we highlight the importance of early diagnosis of oral cancer as well as discuss about the effectiveness and limitations of the recent diagnostic aids. It can be stated that public awareness regarding routine oral examination and employing screening methods that are non-invasive, robust, and economic, would enhance early stage diagnosis of oral cancer and have a positive impact on patient's survival. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry

Advances in oral cancer detection

A gold nanorod-based fluorometric immunoassay (nanoELIFA) displayed ∼3.5-fold higher sensitivity (amplified signal) when compared to conventional ELIFA.

New Journal of Chemistry

Gold nanorod-based fluorometric ELISA for the sensitive detection of a cancer biomarker

A simple colorimetric detection of melamine was studied using 15 nm (AuNPs-I), 30 nm (AuNPs-II), and 40 nm (AuNPs-III) citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Analytical Methods

Colorimetric detection of melamine based on the size effect of AuNPs

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

L-cysteine capped lanthanum hydroxide nanostructures for non-invasive detection of oral cancer biomarker

Nanotheranostics

Gold Nanoparticle Based Platforms for Circulating Cancer Marker Detection

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Highly sensitive protein functionalized nanostructured hafnium oxide based biosensing platform for non-invasive oral cancer detection

Oncotarget

The anti-apoptotic PON2 protein is Wnt/β-catenin-regulated and correlates with radiotherapy resistance in OSCC patients

A facile gold nanoparticle–based ELISA system for detection of osteopontin in saliva: Towards oral cancer diagnostics

Journal	Data powered by TypesetClinica Chimica Acta
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0009-8981
Open Access	0