Melioidosis is a fatal disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and the disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This organism is resistant to most of the antibiotics and there is a lack of an effective vaccine for this disease. Thus, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the disease and there has not yet been the definite study that describes to solve these aspects of the disease. The awareness is required among the clinicians and laboratories, isolating and identifying the organism. Thus, the preliminary studies on the disease are required to design the new mode and reliable treatment for melioidosis. This review covers the fundamental aspects of the disease and its causative agent which could be helpful for researchers.