In this paper, an efficient side view based video in video watermarking technique using DWT and Hilbert transform has been proposed. First, convert the cover video to side-view video using pre-processing steps. This pre-processing helps to switch the frames video references with dimensions equivalent to the number of frames like width and the same height than the original video. The proposed algorithm is a non-blind watermarking algorithm, means that the receiver needs the original host data in order to extract the watermark from the received watermarked video. The experimental result shows that, the algorithm runs with good imperceptibility levels, with an average PSNR value 42. It also robust against most of the attacks such as image processing, geometrical and video processing attacks when compared to the existing video watermarking techniques. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Agilandeeswari L

Department of Digital Communications

School of Information Technology and Engineering

Vellore Campus

Muralibabu K.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

A Side View Based Video in Video Watermarking Using DWT and Hilbert Transform

Communications in Computer and Information Science Security in Computing and Communications

Digital images are widely distributed today over the internet and through other mediums. There are powerful digital image processing tools which have made perfect image duplication a trivial procedure. Therefore, security, copyright protection, and integrity verification of digital video have become an urgent issue in the digital world, which can be achieved by means of a technique called digital watermarking. The issues of watermarking are to achieve imperceptibility, robustness, payload and security simultaneously. This paper presents a new Quaternion Curvelet Transform (QCT) based video watermarking technique for embedding a video on another video in a secure and optimized way. However, many of the existing techniques are unable to handle the problem of rotation, translation and scaling attacks on watermarked video. This study presents a novel embedding approach where in the quaternion transform followed by the traditional Curvelet transform is able to overcome the above disadvantages. In this paper, we first represent the color cover video frames in the quaternion form and subsequently generate Quaternion Curvelet Transform (QCT) coefficients for each such quaternion frames. Second, in order to withstand the desynchronization causes due to the geometrical attacks, the Harris corner detection algorithm is used to determine the invariant feature points on the QCT coefficients, which is followed by the calculation of energy for each block centered on those feature points. Third, in order to maintain the trade-off among the watermarking characteristics, the optimized location for embedding the watermark frames is determined using the cuckoo search optimization algorithm. Finally, to attain the authenticity, an authentication key generation procedure is employed using the owner’s biometric image and the watermarked frames. The experimental results prove that the proposed method is promising in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and security to most notable image processing attacks, geometrical attacks, and video processing attacks among the various conventional watermarking algorithms. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Multimedia Tools and Applications

RST invariant robust video watermarking algorithm using quaternion curvelet transform

An efficient reversible adaptive video watermarking scheme for multiple watermarks based on Bi-directional Associative Memory (BAM) Neural Networks and Fuzzy Inference System namely, Multi-BAM-FUZ scheme is proposed in this paper. The main goal of this paper is to design a robust video watermarking system which facilitates secure video transmission over a communication channel by maintaining a trade-off among imperceptibility, robustness and watermark capacity or payload. The BAM neural network supports creation of weight matrix (formed out of multiple images) and this matrix is embedded into the DWT uncorrelated mid frequency coefficients of all the components (Y, Cb, Cr) of every frames of the video with varying embedding strength ‘α’. This adaptive embedding strength is generated using the Fuzzy Inference System which takes HVS characteristics such as luminance, texture and edge of each frame as an input in the DWT transform. The simulations performed on various test videos demonstrate that the proposed Multi-BAM-FUZ not only outperforms other existing methods with respect to various video degradation processes, but also maintains a satisfactory image quality, robustness and payload. It is noted that, the implementation of the novel adaptive process enhances the visual quality of about 60.97 dB in terms of PSNR and 0.9998 in terms of SSIM, robustness of about nearly 1.0000 and 0.9999 in terms of Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) value and Bit Correction Rate (BCR) respectively against various attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme facilitates high level of payload without affecting the imperceptibility and robustness level. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Expert Systems with Applications

An adaptive HVS based video watermarking scheme for multiple watermarks using BAM neural networks and fuzzy inference system

In this paper, we implemented a new algorithm in spatial domain with shell based pixel selection for watermark embedding and extraction. Here, the watermark is first converted into binary image by local thresholding and then converted into a logical matrix. Before embedding, each value of logical matrix is XOR-ed using a random 8-bit key to generate modified logical matrix. Next, the pixel of host image is selected by shell-based technique along row and column alternatively, starting from position (2, 2) and moving diagonally. To prevent duplicate selection of pixel two direct-address tables are maintained. Each pixel is sliced into red, green, blue and alpha components and bits from modified logical matrix are embedded into LSB of each component and finally an extraction key is generated. To detect tampering in an image, watermark is extracted using key and compared with original watermark. The proposed method is evaluated with benchmark dataset and we obtained a favorable result in terms of PSNR and BER. We reported the results of various kinds of image manipulation to assess the performance of the proposed method by drawing a comparative study of the original watermark and the watermark extracted from a manipulated image. Shell based pixel selection gives sensitivity and converting watermark to logical matrix and storing it in each component of pixel gives higher capacity than traditional methods. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

An efficient spatial domain based image watermarking using shell based pixel selection

The advancements in network technologies and processing of multimedia contents have provided the way for the distribution and sharing of multimedia contents through networks. This in turn has increased the demand for protecting the multimedia contents in terms of authentication, proof of ownership, copy control etc., which can be achieved by means of what is called digital watermarking. The challenges in watermarking techniques are how to achieve the imperceptibility, robustness and payload simultaneously. This paper presents a new bit plane sliced, scrambled color image watermark embedded on the color cover video using hybrid transforms such as Contourlet Transform (CT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transformations with good imperceptibility, high robustness and at an information rate of (N − number of motion frames) / 24 images per second of the video, where N is the total number of frames in the video. In order to achieve a good level of imperceptibility, we perform the following: First, we slice the color watermark image into 24 slices using the bit plane slicing mechanism. Subsequently, the so called Arnold transformation key is used to scramble those slices, to achieve first-level of security. Thus, an authenticated receiver with an appropriate key alone can descramble the received slices. Second, we embed those scrambled slices on one of the DWT mid-frequency coefficients (LH band) of successive 1-level CT non-motion frames of color cover video. The non-motion frames are identified using the histogram difference based shot boundary detection algorithm. Third, in order to the provide second-level of security, we generate a random eigen vector from the color watermark image, using co-variance matrix and maximum eigen value and then embed it on another DWT mid-frequency coefficients (HL band). Thus, embedding only the slices (not an entire image) will improve the level of imperceptibility. The midfrequency embedding location can withstand against all low pass and hig pass filtering attacks; thereby it increases the level of robustness. Thus, the proposed system is suitable for authentication. Finally, as far as payload is concerned, we need only 24 non-motion frames for embedding our watermark on to the cover video. Hence the remaining frames can be utilized for embedding other color images. Our simulation results prove that the proposed system provides trustworthy performance against various notable image processing attacks, multiple attacks, geometrical attacks, and temporal attacks. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015.

A robust color video watermarking scheme based on hybrid embedding techniques

Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical medicine where medical information is transferred through the internet and other networks for the purpose of consulting, and remote medical procedures or examinations. This paper presents a novel neural network inspired watermarking technique, to enhance the authentication of the transmitted sensitive medical images over telemedicine network. In order to examine the medical images, the multiple scan images of same type or different types can be considered as watermarks and the same are trained using Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural network. The resultant weight matrix is embedded in the less correlated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) components of the wavelet coefficients of the cover video frames using additive embedding type of watermark. At the receiver end, the same BAM neural network is used with the randomly generated target matrix and the extracted weight matrix as input. As a result of this, the input matrix will be obtained. From the input matrix, the physician can extract their own information or scan images using their private or secret key. The proposed watermarking technique is validated with the existing systems in terms of imperceptibility, robustness and watermark capacity using the metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Bit Correction Rate (BCR), Detection rate, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and payload. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by introducing various notable image processing attacks, geometrical attacks and video processing attacks on watermarked video. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique has good perceptual quality of 50.6292 dB in terms of PSNR value, robustness of about nearly 1.0000 in terms of NCC value and payload of 1000 watermarks. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetCommunications in Computer and Information Science Security in Computing and Communications
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer Berlin Heidelberg
ISSN	1865-0929
Open Access	0