The present work primarily focused on the impact of emulsified fuel in a diesel engine on environmental pollutant reduction. In this investigation, Water in Diesel Emulsion10 (WiDE10) was used as a fuel. It was injected at three different injection timings (IT). The first one was at a normal injection timing of 23° Before Top Dead Centre (BTDC), the second one was advanced injection timing of 26° BTDC and the third one was the retarded injection timing of 20° BTDC. The higher water content emulsified fuel showed the maximum diminishing of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions. This is due to the effect of lower combustion temperature. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with an increase in water quantity. This is due to the decrease in the overall heating value of the fuel mixture. The combustion efficiency got improved for WiDE when compared with the pure diesel. This effect can be attributed to a micro-explosion phenomenon. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.

Premkartikkumar SR

Department of Automotive Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Gopidesi R.K

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Abating environmental pollutants of a diesel engine by using emulsified fuel

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Diesel engines are the major contributor of Nitrous oxide (NOX) and other environmental pollutants. The higher combustion temperature of the diesel engine causes the NOX emissions. Water in Diesel Emulsion (WiDE) is one of the best techniques for controlling NOX emissions. The vaporisation of water at the combustion chamber leads to reduce the peak temperature. The present investigation was carried out at different loads with various compression ratios (CR) of 17, 17.5 and 18. The engine was run with WiDE10 as the primary and hythane10 at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute (lpm) used as the secondary fuel in the dual-fuel engine. In a dual-fuel mode CR18 exhibits the maximum Bthe of 32.39%, it shows 16.85% improvement and a drastical reduction of NOX emissions about 30.5% than the diesel. It also shows 23.78% of reduction of smoke opacity CR18 when compared to that of diesel. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.

Evaluating the characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with water in diesel emulsion and hythane gas in a dual-fuel mode

Lemon peel oil (LPO) is considered to be a viable alternative fuel for diesel engine applications due to its wider availability, renewable nature, easy extraction process, almost equivalent calorific value as neat diesel, and low viscosity. The present work aims to investigate the effect of novel emulsified LPO in a diesel engine in order to reduce the NOx emission without compromising the engine performance. A new ionic surfactant is introduced in the present study, namely methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride due to its higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value which helps to prepare stable water in oil emulsion. Also, Span 80 has been selected as another suitable surfactant for water in oil emulsion. Four emulsified fuel samples have been prepared using LPO, water, and different concentrations of surfactants. All the fuel samples are tested for their stability through gravitational technique for 7 days. Among the emulsified samples, 92% LPO + 5% water + 2% Span 80 + 1% methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride by volume (LPOE2) and 93.5% LPO + 5% water + 1.5% surfactant Span 80 by volume (LPOE4) have showed better stability when compared to other emulsion fuel samples. It is also revealed that the stability of LPO emulsion is improved by the addition of two emulsions. The experimental results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of LPO emulsion is reduced to 29.87 from 34.58% of pure LPO at full load condition. Oxides of nitrogen emission and smoke emission are reduced by 21-32 and 6-15% for the LPO emulsion samples compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the diesel engine operation with emulsified form of LPO increases the HC emission about 0.1 g/kWh for LPOE4 and 0.15 g/kWh for LPOE2 fuels from 0.053 g/kW for pure LPO at maximum power output condition. The reformulation of LPO into emulsified form increases the CO emission by 25-53% compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the reformulation of LPO into emulsions has resulted in lower cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to pure LPO and diesel fuels.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Mitigation of NOx and smoke emissions in a diesel engine using novel emulsified lemon peel oil biofuel

The emission norms of diesel engines are turned more stringent due to continuous increasing of environmental pollutants. Thus, global researchers explore to reduce emissions from diesel engines by fulfilling the performance parameters. The major emissions in the diesel engines are the NOx emissions due to the higher combustion temperatures. Generally, dual fuel engines play a vital role in regulating both emission and performance parameters. Diesel engines are converted to dual fuel mode by using the various techniques such as blend, fumigation, and emulsion. Among these, water-diesel emulsion (WiDE) also can lessen the emissions of NOx and other pollutants promptly. It is observed that the combination of emulsified fuel and the gaseous fuels showed a simultaneous improvement in the thermal efficiency and reduction of NOx emissions. Various emulsion preparation techniques and effects of different gaseous fuels used with emulsified fuels in bifuel engines have been reviewed in this paper. Copyright © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Journal	International Journal of Ambient Energy
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
ISSN	0143-0750
Open Access	No