The control of pH is of great importance in chemical processes, biotechnological industries, and many other areas. High performance and robust control of pH neutralization is difficult to achieve due to the nonlinear and time-varying process characteristics. The process gain varies at higher order of magnitude over a small range of pH. This chapter uses the adaptive and neural control techniques for the pH neutralization process for a strong acid-strong base system. The simulation results are analyzed to show that an adaptive controller can be perfectly tuned and a properly trained neural network controller may outperform an adaptive controller.