The present experimental research work is focused on enhancing the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a novel tamarind seed methyl ester using nanopartcles. Initially, the tamarind seed methyl ester is blended with diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations by volume and all the fuel samples have been tested in diesel engine for the selection of an optimum blend for nanoparticle addition. Then two nano additives namely alumina oxide and multi-walled carbon nano tubes are doped with an optimum tamarind seed methyl ester blend at concentrations of 30 ppm and 60 ppm for a comparative analysis. The study revealed that the addition of 60 ppm of alumina oxide with tamarind seed methyl ester blend has shown 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency than that of tamarind seed methyl ester blend. The reformulation of tamarind seed methyl ester blend by nanoparticle addition has shown 15–51% and 24–68% reduction in carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions respectively. Further, oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced by 7–9% during nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed methyl ester blend. On the other hand, the nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed methyl ester blend is produced better combustion characteristics compared to tamarind seed methyl ester-diesel blend. Therefore, the present study showed that the diesel engine characteristics for tamarind seed methyl ester blend operation could be improved with dispersion of nanoparticle. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Nantha Gopal K

Department of Automotive Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Ashok B

Dhana Raju V

Kishore P.S

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Energy Conversion and Management

The experimental work presents the conclusions of a single cylinder diesel engine regarding performance, combustion and emission characteristics using blends of Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester. The physical and chemical properties of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester (PKME) were observed based on ASTM standards. The fatty acid compositions of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester were determined using GC-MS analysis. In the present work, agriculture purpose Kirloskar make Tangentially Vertical (TV1) model single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used for experimentation. An effort has been made to utilize anti-oxidants namely Geraniol (GE) and Pyrogallol (PY) with PB20 blend to achieve enhanced fuel properties. Higher performance characteristics were observed with PB20 + PY blend than PB20 and PB20 + GE. Also, a prominent diminution in engine exhaust emissions were noticed except brake specific oxides of nitrogen emission was perceived with PB20 + PY blend. The research outcomes confirms that the PB20 + PY provided improved performance, combustion and emission characteristics than PB20 + GE which permits it to be the favourable alternative to conventional fuel. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Heat and Mass Transfer

Comparative analysis on the influence of antioxidants role with Pistacia khinjuk oil biodiesel to reduce emission in diesel engine

The exploration of new renewable based alternative fuel to the conventional fossil fuel research gains more attention due to increase in cost and environmental effect. The present study focused on obtaining new alternative fuel from non-edible oil namely Pistacia khinjuk seed oil using transesterification process. The fatty acid composition of neat biodiesel was evaluated using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry method. Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester (PKME) was blended with diesel and investigated in the diesel engine. Diesel showed better performance characteristics than PKME blends due to its low calorific value and density. At all loads, PKME blends exhibited lower engine exhaust emissions than diesel. On the other hand, increasing trend of brake specific oxides of nitrogen (BSNO) was noticed with PKME blends. In order to minimize the emission without compromising performance parameters, Post-combustion Capture System (PCS) was installed in tail pipe. At all loads, diesel and PKME blends were individually investigated with PCS. Due to presence of selective catalytic reduction in PCS unit, B20 sample showed lower BSNO emission than diesel and other blends. Higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were observed with PKME blends. In addition, B20 showed better engine characteristics than other blends proximate to mineral diesel. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Applied Thermal Engineering

Investigation of novel Pistacia khinjuk biodiesel in DI diesel engine with post combustion capture system

In the present experimental study, CI engine is made to run on 100% Calophyllum Inophyllum Methly Ester (CIME) biodiesel and the same dozed with fuel additives. The study mainly focuses on the influence of two types of fuel additives namely Zinc oxide (ZnO) which is a metal oxide nanoparticle and Ethanox which is an antioxidant. ZnO was added to CIME in the form of nanofluid at different constituent levels of 50 ppm and 10 ppm while Ethanox was added at concentration levels of 200 ppm and 500 ppm. Addition of 100 ppm of ZnO improves the efficiency by 4.7% and 12.6% reduction of NOx at full load. These improvements arise due to the catalytic effect of nanoparticle and micro explosion of water molecules present in the fuel. Antioxidants inhibit the formation of free radicals, Ethanox was found to be better fuel additives in terms of NOx reduction and 500 ppm of Ethanox results in maximum decrease of 17.8%. But this improvement was found to be achieved at the expense of HC and CO. A slight improvement achieved in efficiency for fuel samples containing antioxidant can be attributed to the volumetric effect which arises due to unmodified injection rate and increase in density of the fuel. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Energy

Comparative analysis on the effect of zinc oxide and ethanox as additives with biodiesel in CI engine

In this present study, the effect of antioxidant additives with pure Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics has been investigated. New antioxidant additive namely Ethanox was added to the Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel at concentrations of 200 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm for oxides of nitrogen reductions and the experimental results were compared to Butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant at same concentrations. An experimental study was done on a twin cylinder, four stroke diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm with two different antioxidants, Ethanox and Butylated hydroxytoluene individually mixed with pure Calophyllum inophyllum at concentrations of 200 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm by weight. The experimental results showed that the addition of antioxidants with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel produced higher brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to pure biodiesel. Significant reductions in oxides of nitrogen emissions were observed with Ethanox and Butylated hydroxytoluene addition with biodiesel at all concentrations compared to neat biodiesel. The reduction oxides of nitrogen emission was 12.6% for Ethanox 1000 ppm and 21% for Butylated hydroxytoluene 500 ppm compared to neat biodiesel. Comparable combustion characteristics were obtained by addition of Ethanox with biodiesel than Butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant. Moreover, the addition of Ethanox and Butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidants with neat biodiesel increase the carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and smoke emission at all concentrations than biodiesel. Ethanox addition with biodiesel has shown better results compared to Butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

An assessment of calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel fuelled diesel engine characteristics using novel antioxidant additives

The present experimental work aims at investigating the effect of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition in Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in twin cylinder water cooled direct injection four stroke diesel engine. The nanofluids have been prepared from 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide with distilled water through ulrasonication process. Four different Calophyllum inophyllum nano emulsions have been prepared with the proportions of 93% of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel, 5% of nanofluids of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and 2% of span 80 using mechanical stirrer. The compression ignition engine characteristics were examined with all four Calophyllum inophyllum nano emulsions and the results were compared with conventional diesel and pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel under various engine loads. The diesel engine operation with CIME nano emulsions improves brake thermal efficiency by 5–17% compared to pure CIME fuel at maximum brake power due to large surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles which exhibit rapid evaporation and better atomization. Further, the CO and HC emissions were reduced drastically for CIME nano emulsions compared to pure biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel. The NOx emission was lower than pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel for all CIME nano emulsions but slightly higher than conventional diesel fuel. The smoke emission of diesel engine was reduced drastically for all CIME nano emulsions compared to both pure biodiesel and diesel fuels at all engine loads. Combustion characteristics of in cylinder gas pressure and heat release rate were increased by the addition of nano particles with pure Calophyllum inophyllum at all engine loads. Finally, it can be observed that the doping of nano particles with biodiesel has a very good effect on performance characteristics with notable improvement in performances and minimum emissions. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Influence on the effect of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an additive with Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester in a CI engine

The present research work has embarked on to exploit the novel renewable and biodegradable source of energy from lemon fruit rinds. A systematic approach has been made in this study to find the suitability of lemon peel oil for internal combustion engines and gensets applications. Extracted lemon peel oil is found to exhibit comparatively very low viscosity, flash point and boiling point than that of conventional diesel. Various blends of lemon peel oil have been prepared with conventional diesel with volumetric concentration of 20%, 40%, 50% and 100% and their physical and chemical properties are evaluated for its suitability in direct injection diesel engine. Lower cetane index of lemon peel oil significantly influences the ignition delay period and peak heat release rate that lead to the penalty in NOx emissions. Interestingly, the diesel engine performance characteristics have been improved to a remarkable level with higher proportions of lemon peel oil in the blends. In addition, the reduction of BSCO, BSHC and smoke emission is proportional to the lemon oil concentration in the blends. Overall diesel engine characteristics indicated that lemon peel oil can partially or completely replace the petroleum diesel usage to a great extent in developing countries like India. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Lemon peel oil – A novel renewable alternative energy source for diesel engine

The consequence of using cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle as additive in Lemongrass Oil (LGO) emulsion fuel was experimentally investigated in a single cylinder, constant speed diesel engine. A novel biofuel plant was introduced in this project, namely lemongrass whose binomial name is Cymbopogon flexuosus. The main objective of the project is to reduce the level of harmful pollutants in the exhaust such as unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and smoke. The engine performance could also be increased due to the addition of CeO2 nanoparticle. The LGO emulsion fuel was prepared in the proportion of 5% of water, 93% of LGO and 2% of span80 by volume basis. Span80 acted as surfactant and it would reduce surface tension between the liquids with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 4.2. The ceria nanoparticle was dispersed with the LGO emulsion fuel in the dosage of 30 ppm (ppm). The diesel engine performance, combustion behavior and emission magnitude were compared with diesel and LGO as the base fuels. The whole investigation was conducted with a single cylinder diesel engine using the following fuels, namely neat diesel, neat LGO, LGO emulsion and LGO nano emulsion fuels respectively. The LGO emulsion fuel could reduce smoke and NOX emissions and could improve Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) compared with neat LGO despite the marginal increase in HC and CO emissions. For ceria nanoparticle blended test fuel, the drastic reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and marginal decrease of smoke opacity emission could be achieved compared with the LGO emulsion and diesel fuel at various power outputs. Improvement in BTE was also observed for LGO nano emulsion test fuel compared to neat LGO and LGO emulsion fuels due to improved atomization and rapid evaporation rate of fuel owing to large surface area to volume ratio of CeO2 nanoparticle. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Journal	Data powered by TypesetEnergy Conversion and Management
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0196-8904
Open Access	0