Cocos nucifera is one of the highest nutritional and medicinal value plants with various fractions of proteins which play a major role in several biological applications such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-neoplastic, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, and leishmanicidal activities. This review is focused on several biotechnological, biomedical aspects of various solvent extracts collected from different parts of coconut and the phytochemical constituents which are present in it. The results obtained from this source will facilitate most of the researchers to focus their work toward the process of diagnosing diseases in future. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Mohana Roopan S

Department of Chemistry

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Eco-friendl nanoparticles research is one of the fascinating branches of nanotechnology science. Among various metal nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted huge scientific and technology attention due to their nontoxicity, stability, nano-size structure, etc. AuNPs are inert in many biological environments and carry several physical properties which play an important role in biomedical applications. To date, AuNPs have been successfully employed in tumor radiotherapy, drug carriers, biomedical imaging, biosensors, antimicrobial agent, photocatalyst, antidiabetics, etc. Distinct from other reviews, in this chapter we present the green chemical approach for the preparation and remarkable biological activity of AuNPs. © 2018 Scrivener Publishing LLC.

Green Metal Nanoparticles

Biological and Biomedical Applications of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles

Most of the wastes emitted from the food processing industries are not utilized for any further purpose. The economic value of the food waste is very less when compared to the collection or reuse or discard. To increase the economic value we have to design the food waste as useful product or applicable in most of the current field. Nothing is waste in this world with this concept we have investigated the phytochemical analysis of drumstick peel (Moringa oleifera). The result supports the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides and tannins. Since various functional groups containing molecules are present in the extract; it has been further subjected to antibacterial and hemolytic activities. To analysis the antibacterial studies we have employed human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium. The result of antibacterial activity clearly shows that it possesses significant activity on both bacterial cultures. The hemolytic activity was performed on red blood cells (RBCs). From this result we observed that drumstick peel extract has been considered as non-toxic on RBCs. Malachite green was selected to perform photocatalytic activity. The results stated that the drumstick peel extract possessed good behaviour towards photocatalytic investigation. The malachite green was degraded upto 99.7% using drumstick peel extract.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Phenolic compounds in drumstick peel for the evaluation of antibacterial, hemolytic and photocatalytic activities

The physicochemical methods of the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some detailed studies on ZnO toxicity mechanism and biokinetics have been reported. However, some of these physical and chemical methods of synthesis are expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. Hence, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles due to their easier process, cheaper availability, and high stability is dominating new research. In particular, ZnO NPs which are now being synthesized through major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts; this has increased studies in various applications in the biological field. In this review, we have elaborated on various natural source-mediated syntheses of ZnO NPs and their role in various biological activities like antimicrobial, anticandidal, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic activities. Apart from these applications, ZnO NPs are also reported to help to prevent dust formation, for several years, on oil paintings. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Biotechnological aspects of ZnO nanoparticles: overview on synthesis and its applications

Cocos nucifera is one of the most adaptable products which possess several protein fractions such as albumins, globulins, prolamines, glutelins 1 and 2 which were found and reported. Since C. nucifera was rich in nutritional value, it has wide medicinal applications. In this manuscript, we have reviewed on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, leishmanicidal, and insecticidal activity. Also C. nucifera act as a low cost agricultural waste which was widely used in the preparation of nanoparticles: in this review, we have also focused on silver, gold, aluminum oxide, and doped nanoparticles like europium doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

Industrial Crops and Products

Exploitation of Cocos nucifera a non-food toward the biological and nanobiotechnology field

Most of researcher focused their research towards synthesize of nanoparticles by the method of applied chemical method which was one of the costliest method. We have focused cheapest and simplest method for the synthesizing of lead nanoparticles (Pb-NPs) using cocos nucifera L extract. The methanolic extract of cocos nucifera L was efficiently used as a reducing agent for synthesizing Pb-NPs. On treatment of lead acetate with cocos nucifera coir extracts, stable Pb-NPs were formed. The synthesized Pb-NPs were further confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Energy Dispersive (EDAX) analysis. The secondary metabolites present in methanolic extract which can mainly act as a reducing and capping agents for the formation of Pb-NPs were identified by GC-MS. Anti-microbial activity for Pb-NPs against four pathogenic strain's such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria coli, Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus subtilis. Result states that Pb-NPs size was 47 nm and also shows good activity against S. aureus. Further we report on photocatalytic absorption of malachite green dye processed in short UV wavelength at 254 nm. UV spectral analysis showed peak absorbance at 613 nm with special reference to the excitation of surfaces plasmon vibration by Pb-NPs.

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

Green synthesis, spectroscopic investigation and photocatalytic activity of lead nanoparticles

In this paper, we have established for the first time, the terrific efficiency of aqueous extract of agricultural waste dried peel of sugar apple (Annona squamosa) in the rapid synthesis of stable SnO2 nanoparticles. In topical years, the deployment of secondary metabolites from plant extract has emerged as a novel technology for the synthesis of various nanoparticles. In this paper, we have studied the potential of SnO2 nanoparticles assembly using agricultural waste source for the first time. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and confirmed as SnO2 nanoparticles by using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM analysis. The motivation of this study was to examine cytotoxicity study of SnO2 nanoparticles against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). SnO2 nanoparticles inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 148 μg/mL. The treated cells showed an altered morphology with increasing concentrations of SnO2 nanoparticles. Our result shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit moderate cytotoxicity towards the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) at tested concentrations.

Biogenic-Production of SnO2 Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxic Effect Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2)

A green rapid biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using Alternanthera dentata (A. dentata) aqueous extract was demonstrated in this present study. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 430 nm using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles by A. dentata extract was completed within 10 min. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy; Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The extracellular silver nanoparticles synthesis by aqueous leaf extract demonstrates rapid, simple and inexpensive method comparable to chemical and microbial methods. The colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles were found to exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and, Enterococcus faecalis. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetApplied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
ISSN	0273-2289
Open Access	0