The antiviral activity of furan-2-yl acetate (C6H6O3) extracted from Streptomyces VITSDK1 spp. was studied in cultured Sahul Indian Grouper Eye (SIGE) cells infected with fish nodavirus (FNV). The nodavirus infection in the SIGE cells was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the antiviral activity of furan-2-yl acetate was assessed by cytopathic effect, as well as reduction in nodaviral titre (TCID50 mL-1, where TCID50 is the 50% tissue culture infective dose) in the cultured SIGE cells under invitro conditions. Furan-2-yl acetate (20 μg mL-1) effectively inhibited the replication of the FNV-infected SIGE cell lines and the viral titre was reduced from 4.3 to 2.45 log TCID50 mL-1 on treatments. Furan-2-yl acetate (20 μg mL-1)-treated SIGE cell survival was found to be 90%, as determined by methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. The results of an immunofluorescent assay revealed a strong association between the viral capsid protein inhibition and a decline in viral replication. The results suggest that furan-2-yl acetate suppressed FNV replication in cultured fish cells, providing a potential approach for the control of nodaviral diseases in marine fishes. © 2011 Taylor &amp;Francis.

Suthindhiran K

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Kannabiran K

Sarath Babu V

Ishaq Ahmed V.P

Sahul Hameed A.S.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Anti-fish nodaviral activity of furan-2-yl acetate extracted from marine Streptomyces spp.

Natural Product Research

In the course of systematic screening program for bioactive actinomycetes, an alkaline protease producing halophilic strain Actinopolyspora sp. VITSDK2 was isolated from marine saltern, Southern India. The strain was identified as Actinopolyspora based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characters. The protease was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and subsequently by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme was further purified using HPLC and the molecular weight was found to be 22kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified protease exhibited pH stability in a wide range of 4-12 with optimum at 10.0. The enzyme was found to be stable between 25 and 80°C and displayed a maximum activity at 60°C. The enzyme activity was increased marginally in presence of Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ and decreased in presence of Cu2+. PMSF and DFP completely inhibited the activity suggesting it belongs to serine protease. Further, the proteolytic activity was abolished in presence of N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone suggesting this might be chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The protease was 96% active when kept for 10 days at room temperature. The results indicate that the enzyme belong to chymotrypsin-like serine protease exhibiting both pH and thermostability, which can be used for various applications in industries. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co.

Journal of Basic Microbiology

Screening and characterization of protease producing actinomycetes from marine saltern

Marine actinomycetes are potential source for the discovery of novel compounds and enzymes. Though extensive research on marine actinomycetes is underway globally, the actinomycetes research from Indian marine ecosystem is unexplored and understudied. Hence, the present research is focussed on the screening of bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes isolated from Indian coastal region. This study is designed to determine the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of Streptomyces sp. VITMSS05 strain, isolated from Marakkanam, southern coast of India. An actinomycetes strain designated as VITMSS05 was isolated. This strain was cultivated in Starch Caesin Agar medium (SCA) supplemented with sea water. The cultural, morphological and molecular characterization was determined for the isolate. The crude extract of the isolate was extracted with ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity of the crude extract was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory potential of the extract was determined. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. Significant antioxidant activity of the extract was observed with an IC50 value of 92.49 μg mL-1. The extract shows 64.1% inhibition on α-amylase and 91.5% inhibition on α-glucosidase at 100 μg mL-1 with an IC50 value of 385.97 and 42.89 μg mL-1. From the results it is evident that the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. VITMSS05 has potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity in vitro. The combined effect of free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition makes it a potent anti diabetic drug. ©2013 Science Publication.

Fulltext

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

ANTI-OXIDANT AND ENZYME-INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF MARINE STREPTOMYCES

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases. Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently associated with treatment of VNN, which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs. The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol (C30H50O4) previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre. The fish nodavirus, grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye (SIGE) cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions. The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre (TCID50 mL-1) in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h. Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL-1 inhibited the proliferation of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells. The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The viral titre (TCID50 mL-1) was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre (log 4.1). Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection. © 2011 Science Press, Ocean University of China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Journal of Ocean University of China

Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

A moderately halophilic actinomycete strain was isolated from marine sediments collected at the Marakkanam coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The taxonomic position was evaluated by polyphasic approach and the strain was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. The strain is congruent with the description of the genus Streptomyces due to the characteristics of white aerial cell mass, spiral spore chains and a rough spore surface, menaquinones of MK-9 (H4, H2 and H6) types and belongs to cell-wall type I. The G + C content of the isolated DNA is 71.3 mol% and the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain shows a maximum of 93% similarity with Streptomyces HBUM 49447. The comparison of phenotypic data of closest strains with the isolate clearly indicates that our strain belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, the strain was classified as a new species of the genus Streptomyces and designated as VITSDK1. The media and cultural conditions for maximal growth have been optimized under shake-flask conditions by measuring the dry weight of the mycelium. The maximal growth was attained with the use of optimized production medium, pH of 7.2 and incubation temperature of 27 °C. The growth of the strain was salt concentration dependent and maximal growth was attained at 15% salt concentration which indicates the halophilic nature of the isolate. Streptomyces VITSDK1 spp. exhibits significant hemolytic activity against rat erythrocytes with the EC50 value of 127 μg/ml and for human erythrocytes 168 μg/ml. Further, it shows moderate antibiosis against fungi and bacterial pathogens. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Journal de Mycologie Médicale

Hemolytic activity of Streptomyces VITSDK1 spp. isolated from marine sediments in Southern India

Biotransformation of agallochaexcoerin A byAspergillus flavus

ChemInform

ChemInform Abstract: HS071, a New Furan-Type Cytotoxic Metabolite from Streptomyces sp. HS-HY-071.

Trends in Biotechnology

Panning for chemical gold: marine bacteria as a source of new therapeutics

Journal of Natural Products

Furan Oligomers and β-Carbolines from Terrestrial Streptomycetes

Anti-fish nodaviral activity of furan-2-yl acetate extracted from marineStreptomycesspp.

Journal	Natural Product Research
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
ISSN	1478-6419
Open Access	0