Water contamination due to toxic heavy metals still remains a severe environmental problem. Several adsorbents have been reported to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous medium. In recent years, nano-biocomposites which integrate the advantageous properties of both biopolymers and nanoparticles have received an increasing attention as adsorbents for removal of various pollutants due to their nanosized structural and functional properties. This article gives an overview on remediation of heavy metals from aqueous environment using nano-biocomposites. A brief summary on nano-biocomposites and their applications towards remediation of heavy metals have been highlighted.