Since the advent of industrial revolution and mass production, machines replacing men has been a matter of heated debate and discussions. The threat of job losses on account of automation and consequent labor unrest has been the hallmark of growth and progress over the past few centuries. However the resistance to change has been successfully managed by finding new avenues of employment by enabling the labor with better skill sets. Similarly, computerization, which was also viewed as a threat, disproved the fears and created more direct and indirect employment for the young work force in India and elsewhere in the world. The growth of service sector in the first decade of the new millennium brought about 9.3% GDP growth for 3 years from the financial year 2004-05 before the global financial crisis resulted in an economic slowdown. Issues such as lean initiatives, cost leader ship and saving in labor cost again came to the forefront and global MNC’s continued their efforts to seek low cost destinations for off shoring noncore routine work. In the meantime the shared services model also began to gain momentum with a shift of emphasis from people to processes and technology. The world was slowly moving towards artificial intelligence and machine learning to standardize processes and procedures and achieve cost efficiency. © BEIESP.