The present study was aimed to assess the nephroprotective role of Spirulina fusiformis on bromobenzene (BB) induced toxicity in rat kidneys. Female Wistar rats were treated with a single oral dose of BB (10 mmol/kg/b.w.) following the oral administration of Spirulina fusiformis (400 and 800 mg kg/b.w.) for 8 days. The levels of serum renal function markers (creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, acid phosphatase) and serum apoptotic markers (Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and Interleukin-1 beta) in the experimental animals were measured and compared with that of the normal control and the standard drug silymarin treated groups. The BB treated group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, acid phosphatase. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The results of the kidney histopathological examination further confirm the nephroprotective role of Spirulina fusiformis. Furthermore, the active components of Spirulina fusiformis such as betacarotene, 3Z-phycocyanobilin and vitamin B12 were docked with TNF-α and IL-β). Vitamin B12 showed highest number of hydrogen bonds and betacarotene showed significant geometric fit indicating significant interactions with TNF-a and IL-lf