It's well known that due to increase in population and abundant use of materials, there is a scarcity of materials in the construction industry. In this modern era, people prefer to have a modern construction which made usage of conventional building materials abundantly. Though increase in the usage of these materials leads to the scarcity, it also opens way for an unsustainable environment. In order to overcome this both scarcity and environmental issue and to develop an eco-friendly environment, many researchers were going on to replace these building materials by any other natural material. Bamboo is one of the exact alternative materials to be replaced in the construction industry because of its mechanical and chemical properties. Bamboo has a major application in the construction industry and used in roofs, flooring, foundations, trusses etc. Bamboo is preferred as the best sustainable material and suggested for low cost housing projects. In this paper all the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo reinforced structural elements, influence of bamboo materials in cement and geopolymer concrete is reviewed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.