India's foodgrains production has increased dramatically from 50.82 million tonnes (mt) in 1950-51 to over 234 mt in 2009-10. But, food demand has been continuously rising due to population growth, increase in consumers' income, and other reasons. The projection made by the National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development (NCIWRD) indicates that the total demand for foodgrains would be about 316 mt by 2025 and 441 mt by 2050. There are apprehensions now whether production of foodgrains can be increased to meet the projected level of demand given the recent dismal performance of Indian agriculture. On the one hand, the area allotted for foodgrain crops has been declining persistently in relation to gross cropped area, on the other hand, the growth rate in production and productivity of various foodgrain crops has decelerated during the last decade. Adding to this problem, now the paddy cultivating farmers from the state of Andhra Pradesh, which is the rice bowl of India, have declared themselves on crop holidays for the ongoing kharif season in an area of about four lakh hectares. The crop holidays, which are never heard in the history of Indian agriculture, declared by the farmers neither belong to rainfed areas nor the drought-prone regions but are from the districts of highly irrigated region in Andhra Pradesh. The farmers leading the crop holidays campaign have also urged their peers in Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka to go on crop holidays so as to protest against the poor remuneration from paddy cultivation. Since the contribution of irrigated agriculture to the total production of foodgrains is large, this move can potentially harm the production of foodgrains which may lead to food security problems as well. Why do farmers suddenly declare crop holidays? Will crop holidays affect the production of foodgrains? What are the implications of crop holidays on foodgrains production? Are there any threats to theproduction of foodgrains other than crop holidays? We need to study these issues so as to understand the real situation of foodgrains production and to suggest measures to increase it. An attempt is made, therefore, in this paper to study these issues using the secondary level data. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.