Ranjitha J

Department of Chemistry

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Gokul raghavendra srinivasan

Shalini palani

Fulltext

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Innovative Energy & Research

This present study aims in understanding the influence of dominant fatty acid esters of waste animal fat biodiesel on its emission characteristics in CI engine. Biodiesel was produced from waste animal fat by means of base catalysed transesterification; and Ethyl oleate (40.21%), ethyl palmitate (25.36%) and ethyl stearate (16.87%) were characterized as dominant fatty acid esters using GC spectra. Test samples were prepared for these ester molecules based on their availability, in addition to biodiesel blend and plain diesel and were tested for their emission levels in single cylinder four stroke CI engine using flue gas analyser. High exhaust gas temperature was contributed by Ethyl oleate (1.15% lesser than biodiesel), as a result of low cetane number due to unsaturation and high viscosity. Likewise, the increased carbon chain length and unsaturation of ethyl oleate (2.55% lesser than biodiesel) resulted in high concentration of CO emission for biodiesel whereas high CO2 emission concentration was because of ester molecules with increased carbon chain length (stearate and Oleate esters). Reduced NOX emission for biodiesel was as a result of higher cetane number from ethyl stearate (CN=86.83) and ethyl palmitate (CN=86.55), which reduced its ignition delay thereby moderating the heat release rate. In addition, long carbon chained ester molecules (oleate and stearate esters) in biodiesel consumed more oxygen content for improving overall rate of combustion while increased HC emission was explained by unsaturation in biodiesel because of ethyl oleate (on average, 50 PPM). © 2019 Srinivasan, Palani, Jambulingam and Shankar.

Frontiers in Energy Research

Effect of Dominant Fatty Acid Esters on Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fat Biodiesel in CI Engine

Biodiesel is regarded as the most promising renewable biofuel which can satisfy the worldwide energy demand through its robust net energy output with less impact on environment and also an effective alternative or supplement for existing diesel fuel for powering Compression Ignition engines. This present study aims to compare the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of beef tallow biodiesel with its dominant fatty acid esters and their influence on these characteristics. Ethyl stearate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate were identified as dominant fatty acid esters available in a composition of 14.78, 37.36 and 25.17%, respectively. Two set of samples were prepared for testing purpose and were classified as (i) blend samples and (ii) ester samples, with plain diesel as base fuel. The maximum cylinder pressure was found to be in the range between 67 and 71 bar for all the samples and heat release rate was found to be highest for B20 blend. Slight decrease in efficiency along with marginal increase in fuel consumption was a result of long chained fatty acid esters (stearate and oleate esters) whereas increase in CO2 emission and decrease in NOX emission were because of higher oxygen content, cetane number and degree of unsaturation in the ester molecule. © The Author(s) 2019.

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

Experimental study on influence of dominant fatty acid esters in engine characteristics of waste beef tallow biodiesel

Renewable Energy

Preparation, characterisation, engine performance and emission characteristics of coconut oil based hybrid fuels

Focus on Catalysts

Biodiesel: a realistic alternative for diesel engines

Energy Conversion and Management

Importance of rural bioenergy for developing countries

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

Biodiesel production from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification methods

Bioresource Technology

Optimisation of biodiesel production by sunflower oil transesterification

Biodiesel Production from the Seeds of Mimusops elengi Using Potassium Aluminium Silicate as Novel Catalyst

Journal	Innovative Energy & Research
Publisher	OMICS Publishing Group
Open Access	Yes