Sorption capacity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus platypus), button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) were evaluated on biosorption of heavy metals, viz. cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions. The optimum sorption conditions were studied for each metal separately. The desired pH of the aqueous solution was found to be 6.0 for the removal of cadmium (II) and 5.0 for removal of lead (II) for all the mushrooms. The percent removal of both the metals was found to increase with the increase in biosorbent dosage and contact time. The fitness of the biosorption data for Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models was investigated. It was found that biosorption of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions onto the biomass of the three mushrooms were better suitable to Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption model. P. platypus showed the highest metal uptake potential for cadmium (qmax 34.96 mg/g) whereas A. bisporus exhibited maximum potential for lead (qmax 33.78 mg/g). Milky mushroom showed the lowest metal uptake capacity for both the metals. The present data confirms that mushrooms may be used as efficient biosorbent for the removal of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vimala R

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Nilanjana Mitra

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Electricals and electronic equipments that have reached its utilization period are disposed by the consumer are considered as e-waste. The categories of e-waste range from household appliances to machines used in offices and consumer goods. The rise in problem is due to scarcity of proper place for disposing the e-wastes. Hence, the wastes are disposed in open landfills by the consumers which lead to direct reaction of the e-waste with the environment. The release of harmful toxins and chemicals by the e-wastes causes hazardous effects on living beings. Several processes are introduced in recycling and recovering the harmful metals present in the electronic equipments. The most important reasons for e-waste recycling are waste removal as well as recovery of valuable materials present in the waste. Developed countries such as USA and UK follow some strict rules and regulations about managing the increasing amount of e-wastes, whereas India still needs to have a rigid law for the e-waste management. Prior recycling and recovering the important metals from electronic wastes, it is crucial to ascertain the amount of the metal present in the e-waste. Plastics followed by metals are the main components found in electronic wastes. Hazardous metals such as copper, lead and cadmium are predominant in almost all kinds of e-wastes. Determination of the components present in the electronic wastes guides for the proper path to be followed for recovering the components from the wastes. The review deals with status of e-waste across the world and methods of recovery and management. © 2016, Islamic Azad University (IAU).

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Efficient management of e-wastes

The present study investigates the adsorption potential of Chrysanthemum indicum flower in its raw (CIF-R) and biochar (CIF-BC) form for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized for their surface area using BET analysis, surface morphology and elemental composition with SEM-EDAX and for the presence of functional groups by FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters, viz. pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, stirring speed, presence of interfering ions and temperature on the adsorption of Co(II) ion using both the adsorbents. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Co(II) ion was ascertained to be pH 5 for both adsorbents, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L and 3 g/L, equilibrium time of 60 min and 45 min, respectively, for CIF-R and CIF-BC. The maximum adsorption capacity of CIF-R and CIF-BC was found to be 14.84 mg/g and 45.44 mg/g, respectively, for the removal of Co(II) ion. The mechanism of adsorption was studied using different models of adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics. It was inferred that Co(II) adsorption on both CIF-R and CIF-BC followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model with the process being spontaneous and endothermic in nature. © 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Biosorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

The removal of Cd (II) from industrial wastewater by macrofungus Pleurotus platypus was investigated in a fixed bed column. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of important parameters such as bed depth (5-15cm) and flow rate (5-15mlmin-1). The bed depth service time model (BDST) fitted well with the experimental data and the adsorption capacity (N0) estimated from this model was 2418.12mgL-1. The effect of co-ions on adsorption of cadmium (II) was analyzed as single and multimetal systems. The breakthrough and exhaustion points were found to be earlier for biosorption of cadmium (II) in the presence of co-ions. The biosorbent was employed for the treatment of industrial effluent in a continuous column mode and its reusability was assessed. The column was regenerated by eluting cadmium (II) using 0.01M HCl and the adsorbent was reused for three sorption-desorption cycles without considerable loss in biosorption capacity. In the three cycles of biosorption, about 3.6L of industrial effluent could be treated to reach the Cd (II) standard (0.1mgL-1) established by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). P. platypus proved to be the potential biosorbent for the removal of Cd (II) from industrial effluents. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Desalination

Packed bed column studies on Cd(II) removal from industrial wastewater by macrofungus Pleurotus platypus

The mechanism of Cd(II) uptake by the dead biomass of macrofungus Pleurotus platypus was investigated using different chemical and instrumental techniques. Sequential removal of cell wall components of the biosorbent revealed that structural polysaccharides play a predominant role in the biosorption of Cd(II). The adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo second-order model suggested that the adsorption of Cd(II) on P. platypus involved a chemisorption process. Transmission electron microscopy of the cadmium exposed biomass confirmed the deposition of the metal mainly in the cell wall. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the metal loaded biosorbent confirmed the participation of -OH, -NH and C-O-C groups in the uptake of Cd(II). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the biosorbent before and after metal uptake revealed that the main mechanism of adsorption was ion-exchange. The effectiveness of CaCl2 in the desorption of cadmium perhaps suggested the exchange of Ca2+ with Cd(II). © 2011 The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Journal of Environmental Sciences

Mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption by macrofungus Pleurotus platypus

Reports are available on silver binding capacity of some microorganisms. However, reports on the equilibrium studies on biosorption of silver by macrofungi are seldom known. The present study was carried out in a batch system using dead biomass of macrofungus Pleurotus platypus for the sorption of Ag(I). P. platypus exhibited the highest silver uptake of 46.7 mg g(-1) of biomass at pH 6.0 in the presence of 200 mg L(-1) Ag(I) at 20°C. Kinetic studies based on fractional power, zero order, first order, pseudo-first order, Elovich, second order and pseudo-second order rate expressions have been carried out. The results showed a very good compliance with the pseudo-first order model. The experimental data were analyzed using two parameter isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin and Halsey), three parameter isotherms (Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Khan, Koble-Corrigan, Hill, Toth, Radke-Prausmitz, Jossens, Langmuir-Freundlich), four parameter isotherms (Weber-van Vliet, Fritz-Schlunder, Baudu) and five parameter isotherm (Fritz-Schlunder). Thermodynamic parameters of the biosorption (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were also determined. The present study confirmed that macrofungus P. platypus may be used as a cost effective efficient biosorbent for the removal of Ag(I) ions from aqueous solution.

Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Ag(I) from aqueous solution by macrofungus Pleurotus platypus

Metal Recovery from Industrial Waste

The Alternatives for Metal Separation and Recovery

Chemical Engineering Journal

Application of response surface methodology for optimization of cadmium biosorption in an aqueous solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biosorption of total chromium from aqueous solution by red algae (Ceramium virgatum): Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

U. S. Department of Energy Air Emissions Annual Report 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 61.94, Subpart H Calendar Year 2007 - DE-AC05-98OR22700: Calendar Year 2007 Oak Ridge Reservation Air Emissions Annual Report Certification

Journal	Data powered by TypesetJournal of Hazardous Materials
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0304-3894
Open Access	0