The aim of the study was to investigate the adverse effects of occupational exposure to trivalent chromium (Cr) in tannery workers in Vellore population. Trivalent chromium used in tanning industry is an environmental contaminant that affects towards the humans, plants and animals. The carcinogenic potential of metals is a major issue in defining human health risk from exposure. In this study 20 tannery workers and equally age and sex matched 10 controls with smoking prevalences and alcohol consumption were enrolled for DNA damage analysis in buccal cells by Micronucleus assay (MN) and Chromosome Aberration (CA) analysis used lymphocyte culture. Workers showed a significant increase in MN cells and CA when compared to controls with respect to their smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age and years of exposure. The current study suggested that chronic occupational exposure to Cr could lead to increased levels of DNA damage.