Native body tissues are complex assemblies of cells of various types which lie in close contact. The direct interaction between those cells often determines the function of the tissue. Indeed, regenerating or repairing those tissues requires recovering a cellular micro environment suitable for hosting a heterotypic population of cells. Bottom-up approaches enable engineering tissues with controlled histoarchitecture in various scales with great potential to engineer biomimetic tissue constructs. This chapter focuses on recent advances in the engineering of patterned co-cultures of various cell types, and their applications in restoring biological function of corresponding tissues. © 2012 Scrivener Publishing LLC.