Development of clean, sustainable and renewable energy technologies is the key to overcome the problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and energy crises. Currently, cultivating microalgae has gained large momentum among researchers due to their photosynthetic rate of CO2 fixation and its versatile nature to grow in various wastewater systems. In addition, various options of exploring biofuels such as biodiesel, bio hydrogen and bioethanol etc., has made this technology most promising and viable one. However, the efficiency of wastewater treatment differs species to species. In this review paper the use of microalgae group Chlorophyta for various energy and environmental applications have been discussed. Further, the aspects such as applicability of Chlorophyta in industrial wastewater treatment, domestic wastewater treatment and nutrient removal are presented. In addition, the harvesting techniques, cultivation methods and other commercial applications have been discussed widely. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Allrightsreserved.

Shantha Kumar S

Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

School of Civil Engineering

Vellore Campus

Abinandan S

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

For the exploration of an effective and economical method to treat composite raw tannery effluent, the integrated approach of Ozonation and phycoremediation was followed. In a lab-scale Ozone reactor, the highest performance index was attained, when it was operated at a low O3 flowrate (2 g/h) condition. The tannery effluent partially treated by Ozonation (≈60% COD removed in 90 min) with the ozone consumption of 1.5 g of O3/g of COD, at pH 7.6, coupled with phycoremediation had improved the tannery effluent characteristics to a considerable extent. Overall, the maximum reduction in pollutant concentration attained with the combined treatment was 84% for COD, 60% for colour, 100% for odour, 90% for inorganic carbon, 82% for NH4+- N, 100% for PO4–P, 97% for chromium and 10% for TDS. In phycoremediation, microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata had shown an enhanced growth (μ = 0.255 day−1) with a maximum cell density of 5.2 × 107 cells/mL, dry biomass of 0.86 g L−1 and cell division rate of 0.369 day−1. Elemental analysis of biomass validated the chromium remediation along with other elements such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and iron from the tannery effluent. Therefore, the phycoremediation integrated ozone process can be considered as a feasible treatment method for tannery effluent along with value-added biomass production. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Environmental Research

An integrated approach for tannery effluent treatment with ozonation and phycoremediation: A feasibility study

Phycoremediation encompasses microalgae as a sustainable treatment system by integrating the wastewater treatment with bioenergy recovery. However, transforming this technology to real time from lab scale is limited due to temperature and cell volume (inoculum size). Thus, the present study aims to investigate the influence of inoculum size (10%–30% v/v) and temperature condition (25°C–35°C) for the growth of five microalgal species in paddy-soaked wastewater (PSWW), using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for better biomass production and wastewater treatment were found to be at 25°C and 30% inoculum size. Among five selected microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibited maximum dry biomass content (831 mg=L) with greater (&gt;90%) removal on ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphates (PO4-P) at a rate of 0.025 and 0.006 mg P=mg of dry biomass, respectively, with significant p value (p &lt; 0.05). Similar results were obtained for Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus (an indigenous sp.) with more than 80% removal efficiency. However, at higher temperatures, Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibited better results when other strains failed to maintain biomass production and removal on NH3-N and PO4-P. This study demonstrated that phycoremediation is a viable option upon selecting appropriate strains and conditions imminent for scale-up applications. © 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Journal of Environmental Engineering

Optimization of Temperature and Inoculum Size for Phycoremediation of Paddy-Soaked Rice Mill Wastewater

The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Future Prospects of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Bioresource Technology

Bioaugmentation treatment of municipal wastewater with heterotrophic-aerobic nitrogen removal bacteria in a pilot-scale SBR

Water Resources and Industry

Biodegradation of dairy effluent by using microbial isolates obtained from activated sludge

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology

Treatment of secondary effluent from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant by ozonation-biological aerated filter

BioMed Research International

Anaerobic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Pilot-Scale Anaerobic EGSB Reactor

Challenges and opportunities in application of microalgae ( Chlorophyta ) for wastewater treatment: A review

Journal	Data powered by TypesetRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	1364-0321
Open Access	0