Deep learning comes under a class of machine learning where we use it for extremely high-level output, like recognition of images, etc. It has been used in pattern recognition over a vast area such as handmade crafts to extract the data from learning procedures. At present, it has gained a great significance in robot vision. In this paper, we show how neural networks play a vital role in robot vision. Image segmentation, which is the initial step, is used to preprocess the images and videos. The multilayered artificial neural networks have a lot more applications. It can be applied in drug detection, military bases, and many more. The main objective of this paper is to review how deep learning algorithms and deep nets can be used in various areas of robot vision. There are some predefined deep learning algorithms that are available in the market, which are used here to perform this comparative study. These will help us to have a clear insight while building vision systems using deep learning. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.