Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos was studied in mineral medium and soil with a novel fungal strain JAS1 isolated from a paddy field soil. The molecular characterization based on 18S rRNA sequence homology confirmed its identity as Aspergillus terreus. The 300-mg L-1 chlorpyrifos and its major metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were completely degraded within 24 h of incubation in the mineral medium. In soil enriched with chlorpyrifos and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous), A. terreus JAS1 was able to degrade chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP (300 mg kg-1 soil) in 24 and 48 h, respectively. The soil was spiked with chlorpyrifos (300 mg kg -1 soil) devoid of nutrients and the fungal strain was capable of degrading both chlorpyrifos and TCP in 24 and 48 h, respectively. The course of the degradation process was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared analyses. These results showed that the chlorpyrifos-degrading fungal strain had the potential to degrade the pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils even without addition of nutrients. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Jayanthi Abraham

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Silambarasan S

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

The present study focuses on recovery of heavy metals from e-waste fungus isolated from heavy metal rich industrial sewage soil. Molecular identification revealed the organism to be Aspergillus nomius and was designated as A. nomius JAMK1. The isolate was subjected for heavy metals uptake following two mechanisms: bioaccumulation and biosorption. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was primarily used to analyse the heavy metal ions uptake and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). Kinetics study was performed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, Weber and Morris and Boyd’s kinetic model. Central composite design, a subunit of response surface methodology, was utilized to obtain design of experiments for the experimental values in bioaccumulation. Adsorption isotherm assessment, conducted for the biosorption activity of strain JAMK1, showed that the process followed Freundlich mode of isotherm. The adsorbed heavy metals were comprehensively desorbed from the metal-loaded sorbent using HCl and Ca(OH)2. The activity of A. nomius JAMK1 in bioleaching of metals from spent batteries was studied and analysed using AAS, X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDAX. The investigation proved A. nomius JAMK1 to be a potential strain for heavy metals uptake from aqueous solution as well as electronic waste. © 2019, Islamic Azad University (IAU).

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Bioleaching of heavy metals from spent batteries using Aspergillus nomius JAMK1

Fipronil is a phenylpryazole insecticide which is extensively used for the protection of agricultural yields. However, this insecticide poses various threats to the environment. Therefore it is essential to develop an effective method to degrade or eliminate this pollutant from the environment. In this present study, a fungal strain AJAG1 capable of degrading fipronil and its metabolite, fipronil sulfone, was isolated through enrichment technique. Isolated fungal strain was identified as Aspergillus glaucus based upon its morphological, and 18S rRNA sequence analysis. Strain AJAG1 could degrade 900 mg L−1 of fipronil efficiently in both aqueous medium and soil. In addition, fipronil degradation was tested with various kinetic models and the results revealed that biodegradation in aqueous medium and soil was ascertained by pseudo-first order and zero order rate kinetics, respectively. The infrared spectrum of fipronil degraded sample confirmed the formation of esters, nitro, and alkanes groups. A tentative degradation pathway of fipronil by strain AJAG1 has been proposed on the basis of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The lignolytic enzymes activities were studied during fipronil degradation by strain AJAG1. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of strain AJAG1 after fipronil degradation. In the present investigation, bioformulation of strain AJAG1 was developed using low cost materials such as groundnut shell powder, molasses, and fly ash to remediate the fipronil from agricultural field. These results highlight A. glaucus strain AJAG1 may have potential for use in bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated environment. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Fulltext

3 Biotech

Biomineralisation of fipronil and its major metabolite, fipronil sulfone, by Aspergillus glaucus strain AJAG1 with enzymes studies and bioformulation

The present work was focused in isolating fungus which possessed the special ability to degrade malathion. The pesticide of choice was malathion as it is being used to control a variety of pests in the agricultural fields in India. The fungal strains with the potential to degrade malathion was isolated by enrichment technique from malathion contaminated soil. The molecular characterization of 18S rRNA sequence homology confirmed its identity as Fusarium oxysporum. The isolate was able to degrade 400 mg L-1 malathion completely in mineral medium. In soil spiked with malathion and with addition of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate), the isolate was capable of degrading malathion at 8th day of incubation. Where as in the second trial, in the absence of nutrients, JASA1 was able to degrade 400 mg L-1 malathion on the 9th day of incubation. The course of the degradation process was studied using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses which confirmed the degradation potential of the fungus. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy

Mineralization of malathion byFusarium oxysporumstrain JASA1 isolated from sugarcane fields

Several researchers have focussed on degradation of pesticides by microorganisms, which is the most viable option in remediation of agricultural soil. However, very few have illustrated the degradation of mixed pesticides. Hence, in the present investigation biodegradation of a mixture of both organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide directed by microbial consortium was carried out in a fermentor-bioreactor system. The pesticides chosen were chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos (organophosphorus) and endosulfan (organochlorine). In order to accomplish an effective degradation, the microorganisms were isolated from agricultural fields which were previously exposed to the pesticides mentioned above. The bacteria were isolated by minimal meda with the individual pesticide as the only carbon source. The individual strains were identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA characterization. The bacterial consortium comprised of 10 organisms which were as follows: Alcaligenes sp. JAS1, Ochrobactrum sp. JAS2, Sphingobacterium sp. JAS3 which were screened and selected from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil, Enterobacter ludwigii JAS17, Pseudomonas moraviensis JAS18 and Serratia marcescens JAS16 which were isolated from monocrotophos spiked soil and Klebsiella pneumoniae JAS8, Enterobacter cloacae JAS7, Halophilic bacteria JAS4, Enterobacter asburiae strain JAS5 were obtained from endosulfan persistent soil sample. The fermentor-bioreactor system containing 2L of sterile minimal medium supplemented with 300mgl-1 of chlorpyrifos, 1000mgl-1 of monocrotophos, 1000mgl-1 of endosulfan as the only source of carbon and inoculated with 20ml of bacterial consortium (approximately 3×106cellsml-1). The HPLC and GC-MS studies were performed to record the degradation of mixed pesticides. © 2014 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

Simultaneous degradation of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides by bacterial consortium

Paddy field soil with prior exposure to chlorpyrifos was chosen for the biodegradation of the pesticide by employing bacteria with special emphasis given to actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are organisms predominantly known for their bioactive compounds, but there is dearth of work pertaining to their role in bioremediation. So this work was carried out to screen for actinomycetes and assess their potential in degradation of the pesticide. Actinobacterial strains were isolated from paddy field soil, with capabilities to degrade chlorpyrifos and its major metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). Two strains were successfully isolated among which one strain was efficient and was able to tolerate high concentrations of chlorpyrifos. This strain was selected for further investigation; it was identified as Gordonia sp based on 16S rRNA analysis and designated as Gordonia sp JAAS1. The actinobacterial strain was able to degrade 110 mg l-1 of chlorpyrifos within 24 h incubation, and TCP was found to accumulate in the culture medium. However, after 72 h of incubation, TCP was degraded, and finally, diethylthiophosphoric acid (DETP) was obtained. © 2013 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetWater, Air, & Soil Pollution
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ISSN	0049-6979
Open Access	0