Natural fibers, which are abundantly available in nature, and natural fiber-reinforced polymeric products have been widely used in nonload-bearing structures in recent years. Human error and accuracy of the results from the testing machine make the experimental evaluation of the properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites less realistic with a high degree of variation in the measured properties. Evaluation of the mechanical, thermal, and other properties of natural fibers and natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites using finite element analysis helps to overcome these limitations. Due to the complicated structures in different length scales it is essential to use a homogenized computational method to evaluate the relationship between micro- and macrostructural behavior. The representative volume element method is the most efficient homogenization-based multiscale finite element model and it represents the relevant features of natural fiber in a uniform microstructure. This chapter addresses the introduction of finite element analysis, basic steps, and an overview of the modeling/simulation procedure for natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.