Kalaivani T

Department of Biotechnology

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Rajasekaran C

Mathew L.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

VIT University

Journal of Food Science

A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was subjected to fractional extraction to isolate potential antioxidant compound ethyl gallate. A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was fractionated with different solvents and was investigated for antioxidant activity. Based on the results, the pure compound obtained from Fr. Y with low IC50 was further characterized by UV–Vis spectra, IR, 1D, 2D-NMR spectra. Pure ethyl gallate showed 75% antioxidant activity. As ethyl gallate is an approved food additive and an emerging anticancer agent, this paper will be of major importance for the food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2018, The National Academy of Sciences, India.

National Academy Science Letters

Structural Elucidation and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Gallate Isolated from Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan

The purpose of our work is to identify the bioactive compounds of bark and leaves extract from Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. and to explore its effectiveness against synthetic food dye. The presence of primary and secondary metabolites was confirmed by carrying out phytochemicals analysis. With the prior knowledge accessible on the indispensable secondary metabolites holding antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity, the quantitative screening of total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanolic and aqueous extract of bark and leaves from Ailanthus excelsa were done. Comparatively, a higher value of flavonoid (161 ± 0.3 μg/mg) and phenolic acid content (152.4 ± 0.14 μg/mg) was found in bark extract. By FTIR analysis, the characteristic peak was obtained at 1581.63 and 1598.99 cm− 1 confirmed the presence of functional groups associated to flavonoids and other phenolic groups respectively. In bark extract, 81% of DPPH inhibition was observed when compared to ascorbic acid (standard) 92% of free radical scavenging activity. Bark extract from Ailanthus excelsa exhibited 71% cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line (cervical cancer). In examining the toxicity level of crude extracts with red blood cells (RBC), the bark extract was showed a very less (2.8%) haemolytic activity. They also showed maximum zone of inhibition in antibacterial activity i.e. 13 ± 0.5 mm against Escherichia coli culture. At a concentration of 10 mg/mL of crude extract from A. excelsa, 55% degradation of sunset yellow dye was observed. It concludes that, the compounds present in the A. excelsa, especially the bark extract showed better photocatalytic, haemolytic, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity when compared to leaves extract. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic food dye, sunset yellow FCF (FD&amp;C yellow no. 6) by Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. possessing antioxidant and cytotoxic activity

The present study evaluates the neuroprotective effect of Brahmi against methyl mercury (MeHg) toxicity. The results demonstrated that MeHg-decreased mitochondrial viability in MTT assay and IC50 value was found to be 2.5&nbsp;μg/mL. However, Brahmi at 250&nbsp;μg/mL concentration effectively prevented mitochondrial damage caused by MeHg in MTT assay. Our results also demonstrated MeHg significantly inhibited catalase enzyme activity, glutathione content and increased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in mitochondrial-enriched fractions of rat brain. These alterations were prevented by preincubation with Brahmi. In addition, Brahmi reverted glutathione level to normal that was depleted by MeHg, confirming its chelating effect, one of the molecular mechanisms that underlie protection against oxidative damage. Our study also focused on total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Brahmi, and it was found to contain significant amount of phenols and flavonoids. The presence of saponins was detected by HPLC which might be responsible for neuroprotection against MeHg.

Natural Product Research

Neuroprotective effect of Brahmi, an ayurvedic drug against oxidative stress induced by methyl mercury toxicity in rat brain mitochondrial-enriched fractions

Although some polyphenols are known to possess anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines through induction of apoptosis, the mode of antiproliferative effect of ethyl gallate against human oral squamous carcinoma cell line KB was not studied until now. Therefore, the antiproliferative effect of ethyl gallate was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in comparison with the reference drug paclitaxel. Generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, DNA damage and apoptosis were determined using 2,7-diacetyldichlorofluorescein fluorescence, uptake of rhodamine-123 by mitochondria, comet assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual-dye staining method. Both ethyl gallate and paclitaxel exhibited cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration for ethyl gallate was 30 and 20 μg/mL for paclitaxel. A volume of 50 μg/mL of ethyl gallate was found to be significantly effective (P &lt; 0.05) in controlling the cancer cell proliferation leading to acute apoptosis.

In vitroevaluation of antiproliferative effect of ethyl gallate against human oral squamous carcinoma cell line KB

<h3>ackground</h3>Recently, enormous research has been focused on natural bioactive compounds possessing potential antioxidant and anticancer properties using cell lines and animal models. Acacia nilotica (L.) is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and Kenya. The plant is traditionally used to treat mouth, ear and bone cancer. However, reports on Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan regarding its toxicity profile is limited. Hence in this study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity and acute toxicity of ethyl gallate, a phenolic antioxidant present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract.<h3>Methods</h3>The antioxidant activity of ethyl gallate against Fenton’s system (Fe3+/H2O2/ascorbic acid) generated oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA and BSA was investigated. We also studied the interaction of ethyl gallate to CT-DNA by wave scan and FTIR analysis. The amount of ethyl gallate present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was calculated using HPLC and represented in gram equivalence of ethyl gallate. The acute toxicity profile of ethyl gallate in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was analyzed in albino Wistar rats. Measurement of liver and kidney function markers, total proteins and glucose were determined in the serum. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool version 16.0.<h3>Results</h3>Ethyl gallate was found to be effective at 100&nbsp;μg/mL concentration by inhibiting the free radical mediated damage to BSA and pBR322 DNA. We also found that the interaction of ethyl gallate and A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract to CT-DNA occurs through intercalation. One gram of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was found to be equivalent to 20&nbsp;mg of ethyl gallate through HPLC analysis. Based on the acute toxicity results, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate as well was found to be non-toxic and safe.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Results revealed no mortality or abnormal biochemical changes in vivo and the protective effect of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate on DNA and protein against oxidative stress in vitro. Hence, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract or ethyl gallate could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.

Fulltext

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Dietary intake of phytochemicals having antioxidant activity is associated with a lower risk of mortality from many diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the free radical scavenging, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of leaves of Acacia niloticaby using various methods. The results of the present study revealed that ethanol extract was the most effective and IC50value was found to be 53.6μg mL−1for Vero cell lines and 28.9μg mL−1for Hela cell lines in cytotoxicity assays. The zone of color retention was 14.2 mm in -carotene bleaching assay, which was as significant as positive control, butylated hydroxy toluene. None of the tested extracts possessed any hemolytic activity against rat and human erythrocytes revealing their cytotoxic mechanism and non-toxicity. Thus, only the ethanol extract could be considered as a potential source of anticancer and antioxidant compounds. Further phytochemical studies will be performed for specification of the biologically active principles.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Free Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities from Leaves ofAcacia nilotica(L.) Wild. ex. Delile subsp.indica(Benth.) Brenan

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex Delile, an Indian medicinal tree

Advances in Biomedicine and Pharmacy

Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of different extracts of Oroxylum indicum in vitro

Context: Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been implicated in several diseases, and, at the same time, nitric oxide is recognized as an important messenger molecule for several pathophysiological conditions. Hence, a novel antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activator from natural sources have significant importance in human health. Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the free radical-scavenging activity and NOS activation properties of water-soluble crude polysaccharide (Floridan) from Pleurotus florida. Materials and Methods: Crude polysaccharide was precipitated from hot water extract of P. florida, and their physicochemical parameters were determined. Then, and β glucan were estimated using mushroom and yeast β glucan assay kit and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Floridan was analyzed for their free radical scavenging activity in different test systems, namely hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, determination of reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Floridan was also tested for NOS activation using oxyhaemoglobin method. Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically analyzed using the Student′s t-test. Results: Results showed that Floridan was rich in water-soluble β glucan with very low amount of protein and phenols. The EC 50 for hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging activity were 140 and 320 μg/ml, respectively, 450 μg/ml for chelating ability, 300 μg/ml for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and 2 mg/ml for reducing power. Floridan also increased nitric oxide production significantly. Conclusions: The present results revealed that this mushroom polysaccharide may be utilized as a promising dietary supplement to combat several killer diseases.

International Journal of Green Pharmacy

Antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase activation properties of water soluble polysaccharides from Pleurotus florida

Molecules

Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Novel Spiroisoxazoline TypeCompounds against Normal and Cancer Cell Lines

Free Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic, and Hemolytic Activities of an Active Antioxidant Compound Ethyl Gallate from Leaves of Acacia Nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile Subsp. Indica (Benth.) Brenan

Journal	Data powered by TypesetJournal of Food Science
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetWiley
ISSN	0022-1147
Open Access	0