Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a conventional method using Pithecellobium dulce peel extract. The phytochemicals present in the peel act as stabilizing agents. The ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of crystals, which exactly matched with JCPDS card no.36–1451. The nondestructive XRD pattern showed a hexagonal crystalline nature and scanning electron microscopy revealed a spherical shape. Further, the ZnO NPs exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency with regard to the dye methyleneblue (MB), a major water pollutant released by the textile industry. A kinetic study of photodegradation of MB showed 63{\%} degradation and a rate constant of 0.00812 min−1. The antifungal activity of the ZnO NPs resulted in 37.81{\%} and 63.57{\%} inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus flavus and 40.21{\%} and 43.04{\%} of growth inhibition of Aspergillus niger at 500 and 1000 ppm of ZnO NPs, respectively.

Madhumitha G

Department of Chemistry

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Fowsiya J

Gupta N

Kumar A

Singh M.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

Fulltext

Resource-Efficient Technologies

A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles – An eco-friendly approach

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are important materials when making different products like sun screens, textiles, and paints. In the current study, the photocatalytic effect of prepared ZnO NPs from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) was evaluated on degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye, which is largely released from textile industries and is harmful to the environment. Preliminarily, ZnO NP formation was confirmed using a double beam ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer; further, the NP size was estimated using XRD analysis and the functional group analysis was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the synthesized NPs was found to be a hexagonal shape using SEM and TEM analysis and elemental screening was analyzed using EDX. ZnO NPs were shown sized 40–45 nm and spherical in shape. The degradation percentage of ZnO NPs was calculated as 94% at 70 min and the rate of the reaction –k = 0.0282. The synthesized ZnO NPs were determined for effectiveness on biological activities such as antifungal, hemolytic, and antibacterial activity. ZnO NPs showed good antifungal activity against Alternaria saloni and Sclerrotium rolfii strains. Further, we have determined the hemolytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and we got successive results in antibacterial and hemolytic activities. © 2016, The Author(s).

Nanoscale Research Letters

Vegetable Peel Waste for the Production of ZnO Nanoparticles and its Toxicological Efficiency, Antifungal, Hemolytic, and Antibacterial Activities

A non-conventional methodology has been utilized for the synthesis of a series of 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazoline-thiones (2a-l). Here the reaction was carried out between 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazolinones (1a-l), in the presence of 1,4-dioxane. The mixture was irradiated under microwave (100W) for 7min to obtain targeted molecules (2a-l). All the synthesized molecules were confirmed by (1)H, (13)C NMR and HRMS. The solvatochromic property (absorption spectra) of compounds (2a-l) in solvents of different polarities was studied. The compounds (2a-l) were further subjected for their in vitro free radical screening using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and also screened for their in vitro anti-fungal property against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger). The results from free radical scavenging assay showed promising activity for compounds 2a, e-i, whereas compound 2d showed significant antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid. In vitro anti-fungal study showed that the 1,2,4-triazolo-quinazoline-thiones (2a-l) had significant activity against A. flavus and A. niger compared with widely used antifungal agent Fluconazole.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

1,2,4-Triazolo-quinazoline-thiones: Non-conventional synthetic approach, study of solvatochromism and antioxidant assessment

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are the very good catalytic agents in many coupling reactions, also these are very well biological agents against bacteria and fungus. M. oleifera capped Pd NPs were synthesized from microwave assisted methanolic extract of M. oleifera peel. To optimize the extraction process RSM (Response Surface Methodology) was applied. To get a good extraction yield BBD (Box-Behnken Design) was employed. The better optimized conditions for the extraction was found as 400 W, 25 mL of CH3OH at 65 °C for 2 min. We observed 61.66 mg of extract yield from this method. Eco-friendly M. oleifera capped Pd NPs were synthesized using M. oleifera peel extract and confirmed using the different characterization techniques like UV- Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM analysis. We found the size of the M. oleifera capped Pd NPs nanoparticles as 27 ± 2 nm and shape of the particles as spherical through the TEM analysis. M. oleifera capped Pd NPs exhibits good antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains and we found the zone inhibition as 0.6 and 0.7 mm. The synthesized M. oleifera capped Pd NPs are screened for hemolytic activity and it proved the M. oleifera capped Pd NPs are non-toxic on RBCs cells. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

RSM optimized Moringa oleifera peel extract for green synthesis of M. oleifera capped palladium nanoparticles with antibacterial and hemolytic property

The use of plant extract to synthesize nanoparticle has been considered as one of the eco-friendly method. Additionally, it is a strong alternate for conventional methods which includes chemical and physical approach. In this study, microwave assisted extraction of Carissa edulis (C. edulis) at 70 °C and 400 W was used to extract the secondary metabolites. Further, the metabolites were used as capping agent and Zn (NO3)2 as the metal precursor to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM were used for the characterization of nanoparticles. The Surface Plasmon Resonance around 358 nm from the UV–Vis spectroscopy result represents the ZnO NPs formation. The FT-IR confirms the presence of functional groups that acts as the capping agent for the synthesis of ZnO NPs. The crystalline structure of nanoparticles is revealed in the XRD result, morphology showed by SEM results and the size of the ZnO NPs were predicted by HR-TEM. We have carried out the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red at 365 nm in photo reactor using ZnO NPs. The result from the photocatalytic degradation Congo red showed rate constant is (− k) 0.4947 with 97{\%} of degradation. This is our first attempt on the C. edulis extract on ZnO NPs preparation and Congo red dye degradation revels that ZnO NPs exhibit good photocatalytic property.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetJournal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0022-3697
Open Access	0