Prakash R

Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Gowtham M

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Influence of fumigated calophyllum inophyllum vapours on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

Biodiesel can serve as possible alternate fuels in compression ignition engine as it leads to an effective reduction in consumption of fossil fuels. Moreover, it has been observed that biodiesel has the potential to reduce most exhaust emissions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of n-octanol with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on compression ignition engine characteristics. Five different fuel blends are prepared by varying the concentration of n-octanol from 10% to 50% on a volume basis. It has been observed that the addition of n-octanol with biodiesel decreases the calorific value due to its inherent oxygen content. A mixed 6 × 5 level full factorial design with 3 replications was used for conducting the experiment. The statistical test by analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that CIME blend has the greater influence, contributing 71.3% to HC emission. The engine load has greatest influence of 98.88% to BTE followed by 98.77% to NOx, 95.74% to CO and 75% to peak pressure. The experimental results showed that the increase of n-octanol fraction in blends prolonged the ignition delay generating higher peaks of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rates during the premixed mode of combustion. Brake thermal efficiency has improved with the increase of n-octanol fraction up to 30% and then started decreasing with further increase of n-octanol in blends. Brake specific fuel consumption has reduced by about 20% with the increase of n-octanol fraction by 50%. Furthermore, the cooling effect produced by a lower fraction of n-octanol in the blend reduces the in-cylinder temperature resulting in lower NOx emissions. However, the poor ignition and evaporation characteristics of n-octanol has resulted in increase of CO and smoke emissions. HC emissions increase with the increase of n-octanol percentage due to the overleaning effect of the excess oxygen content in the n-octanol. The higher fractions of n-octanol is beneficial in lowering the CO and smoke emissions because of enhanced combustion due to the presence of excess oxygen. Overall, the addition of lower fraction of n-octanol with biodiesel has enhanced the performance output with the reduction of NOx emission with noteworthy penalty in CO and HC emissions. © 2018

Fuel

Effects of n-octanol as a fuel blend with biodiesel on diesel engine characteristics

In the present work, an experiment on ternary blends made of n-hexanol, diesel and Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester was conducted to compare the emission, performance and combustion characteristics to that of pure diesel and Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester. In the present research work, all the ternary blends were prepared by keeping the diesel weight percentage as a constant at 50% by volume, the Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester and hexanol concentrations were varied by volume and the developed blends were used for the comprehensive analysis. The brake thermal efficiency was observed to be significantly higher for the hexanol blends; especially for 40% hexanol is closer to that of pure diesel at elevated brake mean effective pressures. Also, the brake specific fuel consumptions are observed to be lower than that of pure CIME. Emissions such as hydrocarbon, smoke opacity and carbon monoxide were found to be significantly lower than the diesel. However, the NOx and carbon dioxide emissions for alcohol blends remained marginally higher compared to diesel. A significant improvement in the combustion characteristics such as the in-cylinder pressures and net HRR figures were observed when compared to pure biodiesel. Therefore, from the results, it is recommended that the 30% and 40% of n-hexanol blends with further study can suitably be a potential alternative for pure diesel. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Influence of hexanol as additive with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel for CI engine applications

The aim of the present work deals with the investigation of compression ignition characteristics for different concentrations of diethyl ether in diesel - Calophyllum Inophyllum Methyl Ester blends. Initially, various experiments were conducted for diesel, neat biodiesel, 50% blends of diesel and biodiesel at various engine loads with constant speed conditions. All the ternary blends were prepared by adding 5%,7.5%, 10% and 12.5% of diethyl ether with diesel-biodiesel blends. The addition of diethyl ether was limited by 12.5% by volume because the engine was not running at higher engine loads. The experimental study revealed that the brake thermal efficiency was reduced by 5.3% with increase in brake specific fuel consumption for 12.5% addition of diethyl ether in the blend when compared to diesel fuel. Further, the diesel engine operation with diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether ternary blends has shown 84%, 4.6% and 57% reduction in unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions than that of diesel fuel at 100% engine load. The carbon dioxide emission formation was similar to diesel fuel at lower concentration of diethyl ether and 5.2% reduction was noted for higher fraction in the blend. Meanwhile, the smoke opacity has increased to 80.1% for 12.5% of diethyl ether addition in the blend. However, the combustion characteristics are slightly dropdown when the diesel engine was operated with all the ternary blends of diethyl ether. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Energy Conversion and Management

Investigation on diethyl ether as an additive with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel for CI engine application

Biodiesel can serve as potential alternate fuels in compression ignition engine as it leads to an effective reduction in consumption of fossil fuels. Moreover, it has been observed that biodiesel has the potential to reduce the exhaust emissions as well as their usage is sustainable in nature. However, the lower calorific value of biodiesel coupled with higher oxygen content leads to a poor performance and higher oxides of nitrogen emissions when compared to diesel fuel. Hence, in the current study, the effect of introducing higher alcohols as a blend with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in order to improve the performance and reduce the oxides of nitrogen emissions. Two different higher alcohols namely n-pentanol and n-octanol are blended with biodiesel in the proportion of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume in order to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The blending of higher alcohols with biodiesel reduces the auto ignition quality and density of the blends. Meanwhile, the increase in the concentration of n-pentanol with biodiesel reduces the calorific value and kinematic viscosity, whereas for n-octanol the results are reversed. The fuel samples are tested in a single cylinder, constant speed engine at different loads and the results are compared with diesel and pure biodiesel. The experimental study revealed that brake thermal efficiency is 8.9% and 3.6% is higher for B70O30 (70% of biodiesel and 30% of n-octanol) and B90P10 (90% of biodiesel and 10% of n-pentanol) compare to pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel. It is observed that the blending of higher alcohols with biodiesel decreases the hydrocarbon emissions 8–22% and increase the carbon monoxide emission by 16–50%. Oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced significantly by 4.1% and 6.8% for B90P10 and B90O10 respectively at full engine load condition. On the other hand, the smoke emission increases from 21 to 35% for higher alcohols addition with biodiesel. Furthermore, the combustion characteristics better for higher alcohol blends due to their higher calorific value. In general, the blending of higher alcohol with biodiesel can overcome many shortcomings of pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel for diesel engine applications. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Cleaner Production

Effect of next generation higher alcohols and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester blends in diesel engine

Biodiesels derived from the seeds of Calophyllum Inophyllum plants offer to be commercially viable alternative to conventional fossil fuel which can make compression ignition engines technologically cleaner. The fuel properties of biodiesel obtained are similar to that of diesel and are found in abundance in southern India, which makes it more commercially viable alternative to fossil fuels. Also, with the presence of additional oxygen molecules within the fuel itself, the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide emissions associated with biodiesel are lower compared to conventional fossil fuels with only exception to oxides of nitrogen emissions. In the present work, the effect of two fuel additives namely, titanium dioxide(TiO2) nanoparticle and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) on Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel is studied by observing the performance, emission and combustion characteristics on a twin cylinder CI engine. Results obtained from the experiments show that the nanoparticles are capable of enhancing the combustion process and they also act as an oxidizing catalyst. Dispersion of 100 ppm of TiO2 nanoparticle resulted in the improvement of brake thermal efficiency by 4% at full load condition along with comparable reduction in emission levels. The tendency of BHT to inhibit the formation of free radicals also produces marginal improvement in performance characteristics and is found to be more effective in mitigating NOx emissions, but adversely affecting HC and CO emissions. Addition of 500 ppm of BHT to biodiesel results in 11.65% reduction of NOx emissions at full load condition. Overall, the antioxidant provides better output in NOx mitigation with the slight reduction of performance as compared to the metal oxide nanoparticle. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Journal	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
ISSN	1556-7036
Open Access	0