One of the therapeutic approaches in treating diabetes is to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting major carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. In the present study, crude extracts of marine seaweed,Turbinaria ornata, were tested for their antidiabetic potential using enzyme inhibitory assays (α-amylase,α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV). Among the tested extracts, methanol and acetone extracts showed significant inhibitory effects onα-amylase (IC50250.9μg/mL),α-glucosidase (535.6μg/mL), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (55.2μg/mL), respectively. Free radical scavenging activity of these extracts was analyzed using DPPH assay (65%). Extracts were tested forin vitrotoxicity using DNA fragmentation assay, haemolytic assay, and MTT assay. None of the extracts showed toxicity in tested models. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of lead extracts showed the presence of major compounds, hentriacontane, z, z-6, 28-heptatriactontadien-2-one, 8-heptadecene, and 1-heptacosanol. Our findings suggest thatTurbinaria ornatacan be used as a potential source for furtherin vivostudies in controlling hyperglycemia.

Suthindhiran K

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Jayasri M-A

Unnikrishnan P.S

Fulltext

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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Inhibitory Potential of Turbinaria ornata against Key Metabolic Enzymes Linked to Diabetes

BioMed Research International

The current study indicates that octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OGP) as a detergent which has the ability to make the lipid layer stiff. OGP was subjected for toxicity studies and in vitro cytotoxicty assays on cancerous HeLa and non-cancerous myoblasts H9c2 cell lines. Test against aquatic organisms were carried out in Artemia salina and LC50 values were calculated. Hemolytic activity tested for blood bio-compalibity showed hemolysis rate of 10–16%, followed by thrombolytic activity to burst the clots in blood. Also, the samples showed good lysis when compared to the standard streptokinase. Furthermore, α-amylase activity has been carried out to check the inhibition of α-amylase by the OGP. Finally, antibacterial activity has been tested against four different pathogens and their MIC values have been calculated. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Evaluation of Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside (OGP) for Cytotoxic, Hemolytic, Thrombolytic, and Antibacterial Activity

Ecofriendly synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were achieved using Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) seeds as reducing agent. Further the ecofriendly synthesized PdNPs were subjected for various analytical techniques like UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, Zeta potential, SEM and TEM. The results indicated that green synthesized PdNPs were spherical in shape with average particle size of 28 ± 2 nm with moderate stability. Further the synthesized PdNPs and extract were subjected for its antibacterial studies against various disease causing pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Seed extract resulted in 8.9 ± 1.46 mm against B. subtilis and PdNPs showed 9.6 ± 1.10 mm against S. aureus and synthesized PdNPs and extract were tested for hemolytic which resulted in 20% and 10% respectively. Toxicity studies were done against Artemia salina (A. salina). The LC50 value of green synthesized P. emblica capped PdNPs and the P. emblica seed extract were found to be less toxic for A. salina with a value of 1.00 μg/mL and 1.25 μg/mL. In addition samples were checked for in vitro cytotoxicity assays on HeLa cell lines. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Phyllanthus emblica seed extract mediated synthesis of PdNPs against antibacterial, heamolytic and cytotoxic studies

Background: Leaves of Costus pictus D. Don, (insulin plant) are used as dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes. Objective: The antidiabetic activity of this plant is well documented, but its activity on different cell types and mechanism remains unknown. Thus, the present study evaluates the cytotoxicity of C. pictus methanolic extract (CPME) against various cancer and normal cells. Materials and Methods: Dried leaves of C. pictus were extracted using methanol and were subjected to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and toxicity studies. Results: The CPME displayed a selective toxicity toward tested cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CPME exhibited significant cytotoxicity on Liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep G2) (half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50=6.7 μ g/ml). Since CPME demonstrates both antidiabetic, anticancer activity, and HDAC enzyme play a detrimental role in both the complications, we have evaluated the CPME-induced HDAC regulation on Hep G2 cell lines. CPME showed a notable HDAC inhibition (55%). Furthermore, CPME did not show any genotoxicity or membrane instability at the tested concentrations. Conclusion: CPME demonstrates selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells at a lower concentration through HDAC inhibition. © 2017 Pharmacognosy Magazine | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Pharmacognosy Magazine

Methanolic extract of Costus pictus D. DON induces cytotoxicity in liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells mediated by histone deacetylase inhibition

Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries and Underserved Communities

Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: An Imperative for Developing Countries

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

The Prevalence of Heart Failure in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease in Albania

Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Fourth Edition

European Medicines Agency (EMA)

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition

Seasonal Variation of Phenolic Antioxidant-mediated α-glucosidase Inhibition of Ascophyllum nodosum

Inhibitory Potential ofTurbinaria ornataagainst Key Metabolic Enzymes Linked to Diabetes

Journal	BioMed Research International
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
ISSN	2314-6133
Open Access	Yes