The exploration of new renewable based alternative fuel to the conventional fossil fuel research gains more attention due to increase in cost and environmental effect. The present study focused on obtaining new alternative fuel from non-edible oil namely Pistacia khinjuk seed oil using transesterification process. The fatty acid composition of neat biodiesel was evaluated using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry method. Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester (PKME) was blended with diesel and investigated in the diesel engine. Diesel showed better performance characteristics than PKME blends due to its low calorific value and density. At all loads, PKME blends exhibited lower engine exhaust emissions than diesel. On the other hand, increasing trend of brake specific oxides of nitrogen (BSNO) was noticed with PKME blends. In order to minimize the emission without compromising performance parameters, Post-combustion Capture System (PCS) was installed in tail pipe. At all loads, diesel and PKME blends were individually investigated with PCS. Due to presence of selective catalytic reduction in PCS unit, B20 sample showed lower BSNO emission than diesel and other blends. Higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were observed with PKME blends. In addition, B20 showed better engine characteristics than other blends proximate to mineral diesel. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Ashok B

Department of Automotive Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Nantha Gopal K

Karthickeyan V

Thiyagarajan S

Geo V.E.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Applied Thermal Engineering

The experimental work presents the conclusions of a single cylinder diesel engine regarding performance, combustion and emission characteristics using blends of Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester. The physical and chemical properties of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester (PKME) were observed based on ASTM standards. The fatty acid compositions of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester were determined using GC-MS analysis. In the present work, agriculture purpose Kirloskar make Tangentially Vertical (TV1) model single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used for experimentation. An effort has been made to utilize anti-oxidants namely Geraniol (GE) and Pyrogallol (PY) with PB20 blend to achieve enhanced fuel properties. Higher performance characteristics were observed with PB20 + PY blend than PB20 and PB20 + GE. Also, a prominent diminution in engine exhaust emissions were noticed except brake specific oxides of nitrogen emission was perceived with PB20 + PY blend. The research outcomes confirms that the PB20 + PY provided improved performance, combustion and emission characteristics than PB20 + GE which permits it to be the favourable alternative to conventional fuel. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Heat and Mass Transfer

Comparative analysis on the influence of antioxidants role with Pistacia khinjuk oil biodiesel to reduce emission in diesel engine

The present work offered a comprehensive investigation on engine characteristics of single cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with Lemon oil (LO) biofuel. LO was obtained from the peels of lemon using steam distillation process. The physio-chemical properties of LO were analysed based ASTM biodiesel standard and compared with diesel. The chemical composition of LO was observed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). In-order to enhance the properties of LO, a cetane enhancer namely Pyrogallol (PY) was added. The engine combustion chamber components namely piston head, cylinder head and intake and exhaust valves were thermally coated with Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) which converted the conventional engine into low heat rejection engine. In the PSZ coated engine, enhanced performance and combustion characteristics were observed with LO and PY blend. Declined carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke emissions were observed with LO and PY blend in coated engine. Further, the work was extended with the application of Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and Catalytic Converter (CC) as post treatment system for the reduction of NOx emission. With post treatment, LO and pyrogallol in PSZ coated engine showed lower NOx emission than diesel and LO. Consequently, LO and pyrogallol in PSZ coated engine with post treatment was considered as more advantageous than other fuel samples on account of its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Fuel

Simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke emissions with low viscous biofuel in low heat rejection engine using selective catalytic reduction technique

The present research work deals with the application of 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a direct injection compression ignition engine fuelled with 100% waste cooking oil methyl ester and conventional diesel. In the first phase of this research work, the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine are investigated with the supply of fresh air–fuel mixture for conventional diesel and waste cooking oil methyl ester as fuels and in the second phase the fresh air–fuel mixture is blended with 30% exhaust gas. The study reveals that the 30% EGR addition decreased the brake thermal efficiency by 8 and 18% for conventional diesel and 100% waste cooking oil methyl ester as fuels. Nitrogen oxides emission is reduced to a great extent by 47.5% for diesel fuel and 58.9% for biodiesel fuel at full load condition. Further, the 30% EGR has substantially increased the carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions for both the fuels at maximum brake mean effective pressure. In addition similar pattern of in-cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat rate have been observed for fresh air fuel mixture and 30% EGR under various loading conditions. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.

Waste and Biomass Valorization

Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with 100% Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester

Lemon peel oil is one of the renewable and biodegradable biofuel for diesel engine applications due to its low viscous nature. This study aims to observe the performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection diesel engine at various fuel injection strategies under different loading conditions. An open type electronic control unit is used to control the fuel injection timing, injection rate and split injection at various injection pressures. In this research work, 20% lemon peel oil-diesel blend (by volume) is injected at a pressure of 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar with 10% pilot injection by volume and the results are compared with diesel fuel at same injection conditions. Further, pilot injection quantity of lemon peel oil blend is varied by 20% and 30% of total volume of fuel injected at 600 bar injection pressure. Finally, the experimental work is carried out in common rail direct injection diesel engine fuelled with lemon peel oil blend under 10% cooled exhaust gas recirculation condition. The study reveals that the brake thermal efficiency is improved with increase in injection pressures and pilot injection rates. However, this trend has been changed during 10% EGR addition for lemon peel oil blend operation at 30% pilot injection rate. The combustion characteristics are improved for lemon peel oil blend for 600 bar injection pressure with 20% and 30% pilot injection rates compared to 10% pilot injection rate. The higher pilot injection rate has shown significant reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emissions. However, the emission results are reversed with 10% exhaust gas recirculation at 600 bar injection pressure of lemon peel oil blend. There is a significant reduction in NOx emission for low injection pressure of lemon peel oil blend at 10% pilot injection rate. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Energy Conversion and Management

A novel study on the effect lemon peel oil as a fuel in CRDI engine at various injection strategies

The present experimental research work is focused on enhancing the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a novel tamarind seed methyl ester using nanopartcles. Initially, the tamarind seed methyl ester is blended with diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations by volume and all the fuel samples have been tested in diesel engine for the selection of an optimum blend for nanoparticle addition. Then two nano additives namely alumina oxide and multi-walled carbon nano tubes are doped with an optimum tamarind seed methyl ester blend at concentrations of 30 ppm and 60 ppm for a comparative analysis. The study revealed that the addition of 60 ppm of alumina oxide with tamarind seed methyl ester blend has shown 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency than that of tamarind seed methyl ester blend. The reformulation of tamarind seed methyl ester blend by nanoparticle addition has shown 15–51% and 24–68% reduction in carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions respectively. Further, oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced by 7–9% during nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed methyl ester blend. On the other hand, the nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed methyl ester blend is produced better combustion characteristics compared to tamarind seed methyl ester-diesel blend. Therefore, the present study showed that the diesel engine characteristics for tamarind seed methyl ester blend operation could be improved with dispersion of nanoparticle. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

An experimental study on the effect of nanoparticles with novel tamarind seed methyl ester for diesel engine applications

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of higher alcohols with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on the diesel engine characteristics under various engine loads. Two higher alcohols have been identified for the present investigation namely 1-pentanol and 1-butanol and the six fuel samples have been prepared with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel at 40%, 50% and 60% concentrations by volume. All the experiments are carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke and constant speed diesel engine and the experimental results are compared with conventional diesel and pure biodiesel fuels. The study revealed that the diesel engine operation with higher alcohol-biodiesel blends has shown lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption. The reduction rate is higher with a higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blends. On the other hand, the cooling effect of higher alcohol in the blend reduces the NOx emission due to their higher latent heat of vaporization. Moreover, the CO, HC and smoke emissions are decreased for all higher alcohol-biodiesel blends. The combustion characteristics are followed similar pattern for all tested fuels and peak pressure is comparatively lower for higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blend. Finally, it is revealed that 1-pentanol and 1-butanol can be successfully used as partial substitute to diesel or biodiesel fuel. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

An assessment on the effects of 1-pentanol and 1-butanol as additives with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel

In this study, Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and n-butanol additive was used in a diesel engine and its effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied. The biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process, Methanol, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst were used in the reaction. Engine performance test were conducted with blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) and the results showed that, B30 is the superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further to improve the performance characteristics of B30, antioxidants of BHT 2000 ppm and n-butanol 20% by volume was added in the B30 blend. The results of BSFC for the B30 + BHT is 7.3% higher whereas the BTE is 4.6% lower than diesel due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. The heat release rate of B20, B40 and B30 + BHT are almost synchronous to diesel fuel, alongside at higher loads B30+n-butanol shows 37.5% less CO emission and 9% higher NOxemission was observed when compared to diesel fuel. WCO bio diesel and its blends with BHT and n-butanol can be used as a fuel in diesel engine. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Journal	Data powered by TypesetApplied Thermal Engineering
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	1359-4311
Open Access	0