Among the nanofiber composites reported to date, metallic nanofiber composites have a significant role in biomedical applications owing to their reasonable mechanical and physicochemical properties. This book chapter describes the research and developments related to metallic nanofiber composites including synthesis, characterization, and simulations. Furthermore, the potential biomedical applications of metallic nanofiber composites are also discussed in detail. In addition, it also highlights the research challenges, technical limitations, and future perspectives. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.