Zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and their coupled oxides in the molar ratio 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 (labeled as ZnZr, Zn2Zr, and ZnZr2 respectively) were successfully prepared by a microwave assisted urea-nitrate combustion synthesis. The structure and morphology of the pure ZnO, ZrO2 and coupled ZnZr, Zn2Zr, and ZnZr 2 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The results of the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution indicated that the coupled metal oxide, Zn2Zr is more effective towards the degradation of 2,4-DCP when compared to ZnO, ZrO2, ZnZr and ZnZr2. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

John Kennedy L

Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

Chennai Campus

Sherly E.D

Vijaya J.J

Selvam N.C.S

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Ceramics International

The advance of reliable and eco-friendly strategies for the development of nanoparticles is a fundamental key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been continuously evaluated and have been used in many industrial applications for a decade. In particular, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has received a great interest because of various properties such as UV filter properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. Because of the high rate of poisonous chemicals and the extreme surroundings used within the chemical and physical methods, the green techniques have been adopted using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, this paper considers various green synthesis methods to provide the evidence of ZnO NP role to several applications, and in addition, biomedical applications and toxic effect were reviewed. Therefore, the paper used various secondary sources to collect the relevant review articles. From the findings, the green route of synthesis is rather safe and eco-friendly when compared to physical and chemical means of synthesis. On the other hand, its biomedical applications in this sector are increased day by day in various processes including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. With respect to its toxicity properties, ZnO NPs can act as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as a talented substitute for antibiotics.

Fulltext

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

A Review on Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies of ZnO NPs

Resource-Efficient Technologies

A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles – An eco-friendly approach

-ZnO nanoparticles were coupled with CuO, NiO, ZrO2 and CeO2 in 2: 1 molar ratio by a microwave assisted one pot solution combustion synthesis. Structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO and coupled oxides were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. XRD data revealed the presence of two phases in the coupled oxides. Photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and ZnO coupled oxides was compared for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under near UV light (365 nm) irradiation and the rate constant (k) values were calculated from the kinetic studies. The coupled oxide, Zn2Ce with ZnO and CeO2 in 2: 1 molar ratio showed maximum degradation efficiency due to the efficient interparticle electron transfer between ZnO and CeO2. © 2016, Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering

A comparative study of the effects of CuO, NiO, ZrO2 and CeO2 coupling on the photocatalytic activity and characteristics of ZnO

The physicochemical methods of the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some detailed studies on ZnO toxicity mechanism and biokinetics have been reported. However, some of these physical and chemical methods of synthesis are expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. Hence, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles due to their easier process, cheaper availability, and high stability is dominating new research. In particular, ZnO NPs which are now being synthesized through major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts; this has increased studies in various applications in the biological field. In this review, we have elaborated on various natural source-mediated syntheses of ZnO NPs and their role in various biological activities like antimicrobial, anticandidal, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic activities. Apart from these applications, ZnO NPs are also reported to help to prevent dust formation, for several years, on oil paintings. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Biotechnological aspects of ZnO nanoparticles: overview on synthesis and its applications

ZrO 2 nanocrystals were synthesized by the microwave combustion method (MCM) using urea as the fuel without using any template, catalyst or surfactant. For the purpose of comparison, it was also prepared using the conventional combustion method (CCM). The as-synthesized ZrO 2 was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the ZrO 2 nanocrystals obtained by MCM show high crystallinity and uniform size distribution than the ones prepared by CCM. Hence, the influence of the preparation methods on the structure, morphology and optical activity of ZrO 2 was investigated systematically. Photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), a potent endocrine disrupting chemical in aqueous medium was investigated by ZrO 2 nanocrystals obtained by MCM. The kinetics of PCD was found to follow pseudo first-order. Having established that ZrO 2 was photo catalytically active, the mixed oxide catalysts of ZrO 2-TiO 2 were also tested for the PCD of 4-CP. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Comparative investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nano and microstructures for structural, optical and photocatalytic properties

ZnO nanomaterials with different morphologies such as nanoflakes, spherical nanoparticles (SNPs), and nanorods have been synthesized via a simple low temperature coprecipitation method. The concentration of the capping agent is a key factor in the morphological control of ZnO nanostructures. Triton X-100 micelles were found to be single molecules at low concentration but spherical and rod-like shaped micellar aggregation at higher concentrations. The formation of different morphologies of ZnO was confirmed by HR-SEM and HR-TEM. XRD data showed the formation of single-phase ZnO with the wurtzite crystal structure. The influence of Zr contents on the structure, morphology, absorption, emission, and photocatalytic activity of ZnO SNPs was investigated systematically. The influence of the ZnO morphologies on the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of resorcinol as a model reaction is evaluated and discussed in terms of particle size, surface area, crystal growth habits, and oxygen defects. The results indicated that the particle size is an important factor for the PCD, and thus, the 1.5 wt % Zr-doped ZnO SNPs show superior performance toward PCD of resorcinol than other samples due to the small particle size distribution. Furthermore, the effect of different photocatalytic reaction parameters on the resulting PCD efficiency of ZnO SNPs was investigated. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

Effects of Morphology and Zr Doping on Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Nanostructures

Photocatalytic performance of novel samarium-doped spherical-like ZnO hierarchical nanostructures under visible light irradiation for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation

Materials Science and Engineering: B

Photoreduction of Cr(VI) in water using Bi2O3–ZrO2 nanocomposite under visible light irradiation

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

The role of electron transfer in photocatalysis: Fact and fictions

Microwave assisted combustion synthesis of coupled ZnO–ZrO2 nanoparticles and their role in the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

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ISSN	0272-8842
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