Cryptography techniques involve message conveyance either in a secret form or in some hidden form. Cryptography finds it applications in almost all fields for secure data transfer. Looking into the history it is the military field which is very much influenced by secure data transfer and communication. Use of cryptography has spread its wings once digital communication stepped in. The thirst of data security increased when digital communication started using wireless medium for data transmission. It is therefore necessary to understand the basics and importance of cryptographic techniques for better, fast and efficient data transfer without any intrusion. © 2020 IJSTR.