Rapid, efficient separation and accurate identification of valuable biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides from complex mixtures like serum, milk, and plant extracts require reliable analytical tools [1]. The degree of complexity is enhanced when the desired separation has to be performed with limited sample volumes and the presence of target analytes (e.g., a potential biomarker for proteomics and molecular diagnostics) are in micro and nano levels. In these cases, conventional chromatography techniques fail due to their limitations like the requirement of large sample volumes and process times. The miniaturization concept has the key advantage of requiring small sample volumes and efficient and rapid separation. However, in terms of chromatography applications, they possess major limitations like adsorption capacity due to low surface area. The use of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanowires), which possess a high surface area and diverse functional groups, for modification will help to overcome this limitation. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.