Subramanian K

Department of Energy and Power Electronics

School of Electrical Engineering

Vellore Campus

M pulimi

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Nanomaterials for Soil Fertilisation and Contaminant Removal

Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1 Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in consumer products, paints and pharmaceutical preparations. They have been shown to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity—in vitro and in vivo. So far there is lack of standardized protocol for in silico analysis of nano-toxicological evaluations. In the present study, it was attempted to analyze the titanium dioxide nanoparticles-protein interaction through docking using AutoDock 4.0.5 software. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with particle size of 1.09 nm were docked with different cellular proteins. Binding site area and volume has been determined by using CastP online server and docking has been performed at the active site as a pocket. The docked structures were analyzed for the most efficient binding with amino acids. It is the first study to report the interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles without any surface modification with proteins using docking analysis. The negative binding and docking energy inferred that the interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with certain proteins is significant. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle shows significant interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P-38), placental growth factor and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell proteins. Further, it has been observed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles show frequent interaction with proline, lysine as well as leusine. © 2015, The National Academy of Sciences, India.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences

A Novel Approach to Evaluate Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle–Protein Interaction Through Docking: An Insight into Mechanism of Action

As the nanoparticles (NPs) enter into the biological interface, they have to encounter immediate and first exposure to many proteins of different concentrations. The physicochemical interaction of NPs and proteins is greatly influenced not only by the number and type of proteins; but also the surface chemistry of NPs. To analyze the effects of NPs on proteins, the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different concentrations were investigated. The interaction, BSA conformations, kinetics and adsorption were analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), FT-IR spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching. DLS, FTIR and UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis confirms the interaction with minor alterations in size of the protein. Fluorescence quenching analysis confirms the side-on or end-on interaction of 1.5 molecules of BSA to AgNP. Further, pseudo-second order kinetics was determined with equilibrium contact-time of 30 min. The data of the present study determines the detailed evaluation of BSA adsorption on AgNP along with mechanism, kinetics and isotherm of the adsorption. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Chemico-Biological Interactions

Bovine serum albumin interacts with silver nanoparticles with a “side-on” or “end on” conformation

The present study was carried out to fabricate the food grade Vitamin E acetate nanoemulsion using edible mustard oil and to evaluate its improved bioactivities. A food-grade Vitamin E acetate nanoemulsion was fabricated using the edible mustard oil and surfactant Tween-80. Flocculation was not observed for 15 days. The nanoemulsion was characterized for droplet morphology and size distribution using atomic force microscope and zetasizer, respectively. We observe a stable nanoemulsion of spherical morphology and a size distribution of 86.45 ± 3.61 nm. Further, the high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the Vitamin E acetate concentration and encapsulation efficiency for the stable nanoemulsion. These nanoemulsions showed improved bioactivity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity and could be potentially used to increase the shelf life of fruit juice. Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Fulltext

International Journal of Food Properties

Fabrication of Food Grade Vitamin E Nanoemulsion by Low Energy Approach, Characterization and Its Application

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. It is used for protection against UV exposure due to its light-scattering properties and high refractive index. Though TNPs are increasingly used, the synthesis of TNPs is tedious and time consuming; therefore, in the present study, microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach was used for TNP synthesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNPs can be synthesized only in 2.5 h; however, the commonly used chemical approach using muffle furnace takes 5 h. The activity of TNP depends on the synthetic protocol; therefore, the present study also determined the effect of microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach synthetic protocol on microbial and cytotoxicity. The results showed that TNP has the best antibacterial activity in decreasing order from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The IC50 values of TNP for HCT116 and A549 were found to be 6.43 and 6.04 ppm, respectively. Cell death was also confirmed from trypan blue exclusion assay and membrane integrity loss was observed. Therefore, the study determines that the microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach is time-saving; hence, this technique can be upgraded from lab scale to industrial scale via pilot plant scale. Moreover, it is necessary to find the mechanism of action at the molecular level to establish the reason for greater bacterial and cytotoxicological toxicity. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Microwave-irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach for titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis: microbial and cytotoxicological evaluation

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable interest in the field of food, agriculture and pharmaceuticals mainly due to its antibacterial activity. AgNPs have also been reported to possess toxic behavior. The toxicological behavior of nanomaterials largely depends on its size and shape which ultimately depend on synthetic protocol. A systematic and detailed analysis for size variation of AgNP by thermal co-reduction approach and its efficacy toward microbial and cellular toxicological behavior is presented here. With the focus to explore the size-dependent toxicological variation, two different-sized NPs have been synthesized, i.e., 60&nbsp;nm (Ag60) and 85&nbsp;nm (Ag85). A detailed microbial toxicological evaluation has been performed by analyzing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ), growth kinetics (GrK), and death kinetics (DeK). Comparative cytotoxicological behavior was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It has been concluded by this study that the size of AgNPs can be varied, by varying the concentration of reactants and temperature called as “thermal co-reduction” approach, which is one of the suitable approaches to meet the same. Also, the smaller AgNP has shown more microbial and cellular toxicity.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetNanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1 Sustainable Agriculture Reviews
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer International Publishing
ISSN	2210-4410
Open Access	0