Amitava Mukherjee

Centre for Nanobiotechnology

Vellore Campus

Prabhakar Mishra

A. P. B. Balaji

B. K. Tyagi

N. Chandrasekaran

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Nanopesticides: A Boon Towards the Control of Dreadful Vectors of Lymphatic Filariasis

Lymphatic Filariasis

Permethrin, a poorly water-soluble synthetic pesticide belonging to the pyrethroid family, was formulated into water-dispersive nanometric form by rapid evaporation of pesticide loaded oil-in-water microemulsion. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of Nanopermethrin was found to be 199.01 ± 1.4 nm. The efficacy of the Nanopermethrin was comparatively investigated with its bulk form against 2-3 days old adult mosquitoes by WHO cone bioassay for 60 min. The median knockdown concentration of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus were found to be 7.20 × 10(4), 7.53 × 10(4), 0.42 × 10(3) mg/L for Bulk permethrin, and 0.98 × 10(4), 1.17 × 10(4), 0.05 × 10(3) mg/L for Nanopermethrin, respectively. The obtained results extrapolate the improved efficacy of Nanopermethrin even at low-level concentrations. Hence, the formulated Nanopermethrin will serve as an effective alternative pesticide in controlling the mosquito population with reduced environmental toxicity.

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

The Environmentally Benign form of Pesticide in Hydrodispersive Nanometric form with Improved Efficacy Against Adult Mosquitoes at Low Exposure Concentrations

Presence of several biochemical constituents in neem makes it an efficient antimicrobial agent for pathogenic diseases. The current investigation was aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of neem nanoemulsion as a control measure for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the neem oil and neem nanoemulsion was 73.9 and 160.3 mg/L, respectively. The biomarker enzymes of treated fish tissues showed a significant difference in the level of glutathione reductase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation in neem oil-treated samples than in neem nanoemulsion-treated samples at P &lt; 0.05. The results were corroborative with histopathology and ultrastructural analysis. The bacterial infection of P. aeruginosa treated using neem nanoemulsion was more effective in both in vitro and in vivo methods. Present findings suggest that neem-based nanoemulsion has negligible toxicity to Rohu fishes. This makes neem-based nanoemulsion as an efficient therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa infection, leading to its possible usage in the aquaculture industry. © 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry

Study on antimicrobial potential of neem oil nanoemulsion againstPseudomonas aeruginosainfection inLabeo rohita

Acta Tropica

In-vitro anti-inflammatory and mosquito larvicidal efficacy of nickel nanoparticles phytofabricated from aqueous leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos Correa

AbstractFilariasis is a mosquito-borne disease that causes lymphedema and the main vector is Culex quinquefasciatus. A simple measure was taken to eradicate the vector using nanoemulsion. Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion was formulated in various ratios comprising of eucalyptus oil, tween 80 and water by ultrasonication. The stability of nanoemulsion was observed over a period of time and 1:2 ratios of eucalyptus oil (6%) and surfactant (12%) was found to be stable. The formulated eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The nanoemulsion droplets were found to have a Z-average diameter of 9.4 nm and were spherical in shape. The larvicidal activity of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion and bulk emulsion was tested and compared. Our nanoemulsion showed higher activity when compared to bulk emulsion. The histopathology of larvae-treated and untreated nanoemulsion was analyzed. Furthermore, biochemical assays were carried out to examine the effect of nanoemulsion on biochemical characteristics of larvae. The treated larval homogenate showed decrease in total protein content and a significant reduction in the levels of acetylcholinesterase. The levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase also showed reduction as compared to control larval homogenate.

Fulltext

Bulletin of Entomological Research

Nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil and its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus

Nanoemulsions are colloidal dispersions of oil and water with droplet size in the range of 10-100 nm. They are optically transparent stable systems which require less surfactant concentration than microemulsion. Basil oil (extracted from Ocimum basilicum) nanoemulsion was formulated by spontaneous emulsification method and was stabilized by non-ionic surfactant Tween20. Process parameters like surfactant concentration, stirring speed, and holding temperature were optimized to obtain nanoemulsion with minimized droplet size and these factors demonstrated positive correlation on nanoemulsion droplet size and stability. BT20/11/800/75 nanoemulsion (oil system = basil, surfactant = Tween20, oil to surfactant mixing ratio 1:1 vol/vol, rpm = 800, pre-heating temperature of organic phase = 75 °C) showed lowest droplet size of 28 nm and greater stability. Transmission electron micrograph image showed the spherical morphology of BT20/11/800/75 nanoemulsion droplets. Formulated BT20/11/800/75 nanoemulsion was evaluated for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. Basil oil nanoemulsion exhibited dose-dependent mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larva which increased with increase in exposure time. Lethal concentration (LC50) value decreased from 70 to 3 mg/L-1 with increase in exposure time from 1 to 5 h. Further increase in exposure time did not show any significance reduction in LC-50 value. Histopathological staining revealed the structural and functional changes in nanoemulsion-treated larva. Epithelial cells are swollen and showed distorted morphology. Disintegration of epithelial membrane and peritrophic membrane upon nanoemulsion treatment resulted in leakage of mid-gut lumen contents. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

BioNanoScience

Optimization of Process Parameters to Formulate Nanoemulsion by Spontaneous Emulsification: Evaluation of Larvicidal Activity Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larva

Journal	Data powered by TypesetLymphatic Filariasis
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer Singapore
Open Access	0