Samanta.S.Khora

Sowmya Jal

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Microbial Contamination and Food Degradation

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a deadly neurotoxin which selectively inhibits Na+ activation mechanism of nerve impulse, without affecting the permeability of K+ ions. Because of this sodium channel blocking action, it is majorly being studied for biomedical applications. TTX is present in taxonomically diverse groups of animals inhabiting terrestrial, marine, fresh water and brackish water environments, still its origin remains unclear. The extensive study of the toxin has revealed a few possibilities of its origin. This review reports on the aspects of the origin of TTX, where the primary focus is on its exogenous origin. The significance of bacterial, cellular and environmental factors in its biogenesis and accumulation is also discussed. The possible facets for engineering the bacterial genomics to modulate the gene expression for TTX production are also outlined. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Fulltext

Journal of Applied Microbiology

An overview on the origin and production of tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin

Seafood poisoning in humans is caused by consumption of toxin-containing seafood that is contaminated with marine dinoflagellates. This has been a concern for many years. There are a number of dinoflagellate species that produce strong neurotoxins, which are often associated with the phenomenon called red tide. Outbreaks of red tide are caused by harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs are not a new phenomenon, with written references dating back to biblical times. The most common type of HAB is referred to as a red tide because the bloom discolors the water, making it appear red. Humans eating seafood from infested areas during dinoflagellate bloom can become poisoned. With respect to the contaminants of toxic dinoflagellates in seafood, there are two main types of poisoning in humans. The terms fish and shellfish are associated with these illnesses because the toxins are concentrated in fish and shellfish that ingest the harmful dinoflagellates. According to the species of toxigenic dinoflagel-lates the poisoning syndromes have been given the names paralytic (PSP), diarrhetic (DSP), neurotoxic (NSP), and azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP). Another human illness, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is caused by the ciguatoxins produced by di-noflagellates that attach to surfaces in many coral reef communities [33.1]. Besides these well-known poisoning types, several new poisoning syndromes resulting from newly appearing dinoflagellate toxins, such as yessotoxin (YTX) and palytoxin (PTX), have been reported and characterized recently, and this has increased global public concerns regarding dinoflagellates associated with humans poisoning. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.

Hb25_Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Marine Dinoflagellates-Associated Human Poisoning

Toxins

Liquid Chromatography with a Fluorimetric Detection Method for Analysis of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Tetrodotoxin Based on a Porous Graphitic Carbon Column

Chemical Research in Toxicology

Toxicological Perspective on Climate Change: Aquatic Toxins

Occurrence of Natural Toxins in Seafood

Journal	Data powered by TypesetMicrobial Contamination and Food Degradation
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier
Open Access	0