In this study, Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and n-butanol additive was used in a diesel engine and its effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied. The biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process, Methanol, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst were used in the reaction. Engine performance test were conducted with blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) and the results showed that, B30 is the superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further to improve the performance characteristics of B30, antioxidants of BHT 2000 ppm and n-butanol 20% by volume was added in the B30 blend. The results of BSFC for the B30 + BHT is 7.3% higher whereas the BTE is 4.6% lower than diesel due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. The heat release rate of B20, B40 and B30 + BHT are almost synchronous to diesel fuel, alongside at higher loads B30+n-butanol shows 37.5% less CO emission and 9% higher NOxemission was observed when compared to diesel fuel. WCO bio diesel and its blends with BHT and n-butanol can be used as a fuel in diesel engine. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Senthur Prabu S

Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Asokan M-A

Francis S

Sreelekh M.K.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

VIT University

Energy

Pyrolysis of tomato peel waste in an indigenous Auger reactor is reported. Tomato peel was subjected to elemental analysis and physicochemical characterisation. The higher heating value of the tomato peel was estimated to be 22.50 MJ kg−1. Thermogravimetric analysis of tomato peel was performed to estimate the temperature of pyrolysis process. Thermal cracking of tomato peel was carried out at different temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 650 °C. The bio oil yield was found to 14%, 17.5%, 32%, 40% and 36% at 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C and 650 °C respectively. Kinetic modelling of the tomato peel pyrolysis was performed with three different model free methods to evaluate the activation energy. The activation energy of tomato peel pyrolysis at different heating rates, 5 °C min−1, 10 °C min−1, 15 °C min−1, 20 °C min−1 and 25 °C min−1 were reported to be 112.7 kJ mol−1, 113.85 kJ mol−1 and 234.47 kJ mol−1 respectively by Kissinger, Kissinger Akahira Sunose and Ozawa Flynn Wall models. Tomato peel oil was subjected to Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to determine the compounds and functional groups. The kinematic viscosity of the tomato peel oil was found to be 11.82 cSt. The flash point of the tomato peel oil was estimated to be 94 °C. Different blends of tomato peel oil and diesel were subjected to testing in a 4-stroke water cooled open chamber diesel engine to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics analysis. The Brake thermal efficiency of 5% blend of tomato peel oil was estimated to be 31.5% under full load condition. Carbon Monoxide emissions of tomato peel oil blends were found to be lesser in comparison with diesel fuel. Techno-economic analysis of the tomato peel pyrolysis was also reported. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Cleaner Production

Experimental investigation and kinetics of tomato peel pyrolysis: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of bio-oil blends in diesel engine

The exploration of new renewable based alternative fuel to the conventional fossil fuel research gains more attention due to increase in cost and environmental effect. The present study focused on obtaining new alternative fuel from non-edible oil namely Pistacia khinjuk seed oil using transesterification process. The fatty acid composition of neat biodiesel was evaluated using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry method. Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester (PKME) was blended with diesel and investigated in the diesel engine. Diesel showed better performance characteristics than PKME blends due to its low calorific value and density. At all loads, PKME blends exhibited lower engine exhaust emissions than diesel. On the other hand, increasing trend of brake specific oxides of nitrogen (BSNO) was noticed with PKME blends. In order to minimize the emission without compromising performance parameters, Post-combustion Capture System (PCS) was installed in tail pipe. At all loads, diesel and PKME blends were individually investigated with PCS. Due to presence of selective catalytic reduction in PCS unit, B20 sample showed lower BSNO emission than diesel and other blends. Higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were observed with PKME blends. In addition, B20 showed better engine characteristics than other blends proximate to mineral diesel. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Applied Thermal Engineering

Investigation of novel Pistacia khinjuk biodiesel in DI diesel engine with post combustion capture system

Internal combustion (IC) engine is an attractive main power resource for transportation and in the foreseeable future also their domination never going to be altered. However, almost half of the energy from the fuel supplied to the IC engines is going as waste heat to the environment in the means of cooling and exhaust systems. This waste heat from the exhaust gasses were used to preheat the Palm Oil (PO)/diesel blends to 60 °C with the help of heat exchanger to obtain a homogenous mixture. This research work emphasizes on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder natural aspirated, water cooled direct injection (DI) diesel engine using preheated Palm Oil (PO)/diesel blends. Engine tests were conducted with preheated palm oil/diesel blends (PO20, PO30 and PO40) and pure diesel at a constant speed of 1500 rpm for different load conditions. The results of engine performance like Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Combustion characteristics of Heat release rate, cylinder pressure and emissions like Carbon Monoxide (CO), unburned Hydro Carbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Smoke Opacity of all palm oil blends were compared with pure diesel fuel. The result reveals that, PO20 blend is the most preferable blend among the other palm oil blends. To further improve the performance characteristics of PO20, fuel additives such as BHT (2000 ppm) and n-butanol (20% by volume) is added to the PO20 blend. The brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of the PO20 + BHT blend is 11.4% and 5.1% higher than that of diesel fuel. The CO emission of PO20 + butanol blend shows 37.5% lower, whereas the NOx emission is 1.9% higher than that of diesel fuel. Moreover the smoke and EGT is observed to be 13% and 3.1% lower compared to diesel fuel. This research work reveals that, preheated palm oil and its blends with antioxidant proved better performance and emission levels than diesel fuel. So from an environmental point of view palm oil blends with diesel fuel will be a more promising alternative fuel in the near future. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Renewable Energy

Effect of additives on performance, combustion and emission behavior of preheated palm oil/diesel blends in DI diesel engine

In this paper, we have produced bio diesel from papaya and watermelon seed oil by trans-esterification process using methanol and KOH (catalyst) and a new biodiesel i.e. WP is produced which is a mixture of papaya seed oil biodiesel and watermelon seed oil biodiesel in 1:1 ratio is prepared. The blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) of WP with diesel and watermelon 100% and papaya 100% are used for further testing. The performance, combustion and emission test were conducted on single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine using different blends of these biodiesels and the results showed that B20 is superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further the performance and combustion characteristics of B20 is very close to diesel while the emission characteristics of B20 is better than that of diesel as the emission of CO, HC and smoke is 27.27%, 23.8%, 8.3% less for B20 than diesel respectively. Thus we concluded that B20 is the most suitable blend of WP for substitute of diesel which will reduce diesel consumption by 20%. © 2017

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with papaya and watermelon seed oil bio-diesel/diesel blends

In the present experimental study, CI engine is made to run on 100% Calophyllum Inophyllum Methly Ester (CIME) biodiesel and the same dozed with fuel additives. The study mainly focuses on the influence of two types of fuel additives namely Zinc oxide (ZnO) which is a metal oxide nanoparticle and Ethanox which is an antioxidant. ZnO was added to CIME in the form of nanofluid at different constituent levels of 50 ppm and 10 ppm while Ethanox was added at concentration levels of 200 ppm and 500 ppm. Addition of 100 ppm of ZnO improves the efficiency by 4.7% and 12.6% reduction of NOx at full load. These improvements arise due to the catalytic effect of nanoparticle and micro explosion of water molecules present in the fuel. Antioxidants inhibit the formation of free radicals, Ethanox was found to be better fuel additives in terms of NOx reduction and 500 ppm of Ethanox results in maximum decrease of 17.8%. But this improvement was found to be achieved at the expense of HC and CO. A slight improvement achieved in efficiency for fuel samples containing antioxidant can be attributed to the volumetric effect which arises due to unmodified injection rate and increase in density of the fuel. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Comparative analysis on the effect of zinc oxide and ethanox as additives with biodiesel in CI engine

The present study shows the biodiesel produced from the kapok oil through transesterification process blended with diesel. The kapok oil methyl ester (KOME) blends (B20, B30, B40 and B100) are tested in the single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The performance of B30 blend matches closer to diesel among the blends and also its brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were found to be 1.9% and 3.1% higher than the diesel where as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of all blends is almost closer to diesel. The combustion characteristics of cylinder pressure and heat release rate coincided with the diesel fuel. At 100% load the emission characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke opacity of B100 were decreased by 23.33%, 40% and 45.53% respectively compared with diesel, where as nitrogen oxide (NOX) slightly increases by 3.5%. In future, KOME will find a place among biodiesel fuels. Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetEnergy
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0360-5442
Open Access	No