Medicinal plants are known to exhibit many biological activities from the ancient period. They were applied in the ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of various diseases. They were proved to possess many of the phytochemical constituents that were responsible for the actual mechanism of the activities. One such plant possessing the novel biological activities is Balanites aegyptiaca. They possess many biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti diabetic, antiasthmatic, etc. They were found to be toxic to pests, molluscs and larvae. Even though they are said to be toxic, their minimum level of consumption do not cause any serious effects. They possess pharmacologically active substances such as flavonoids, saponins in their callus culture. Their anti-inflammatory activity has been known from the ancient period. The plant possesses promising applications for the drug development and research purposes. This review summarizes the biological activities of the plant obtained from the literature.