This chapter discusses the application of nanotechnology in a blend with bio-based insecticides in order to improve strategies for pest control in agriculture and other pest-affected areas. The main categories of bio-based insecticides are defined, accompanied by various hauler systems and their impending applications. These bio-derived insecticides include isolated compounds from plant-based extracts as well as various essential oil derivatives from major plant species and fungal conida. The main emphasis is on nanocomposites as a matrix. The benefits delivered through these nano-systems are emphasized, together with technical encounters that need to be addressed, which in turn will lead to future application of these systems as a strategy for the control of agricultural pests. The use of plant-based insecticides in association with nanotechnology deals with a substantial potency toward increasing production in the agriculture sector as well as toward a reduction in the residual pollution toward the environment and human health. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.