Proteins present in human serum are of immense importance in the field of biomarker discovery. But, the presence of high-abundant proteins like albumin makes the analysis more challenging because of masking effect on low-abundant proteins. Therefore, removal of albumin using highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can potentiate the discovery of low-abundant proteins. In the present study, mAbs against human serum albumin (HSA) were developed and integrated in to an immunoaffinity based system for specific removal of albumin from the serum. Hybridomas were obtained by fusion of Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from the mouse immunized with HSA. Five clones (AHSA1-5) producing mAbs specific to HSA were established and characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting for specificity, sensitivity and affinity in terms of antigen binding. The mAbs were able to bind to both native albumin as well as its glycated isoform. Reactivity of mAbs with different mammalian sera was tested. The affinity constant of the mAbs ranged from 108 to 109M-1. An approach based on oriented immobilization was followed to immobilize purified anti-HSA mAbs on hydrazine activated agarose gel and the dynamic binding capacity of the column was determined. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Jayaprakash N S

Centre for Bio-Separation and Technology

Vellore Campus

Rajak P

Vijayalakshmi M.A

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered cardio protective. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a major component of HDL helps in reverse cholesterol transport, whose function is greatly affected during atherosclerosis due to oxidation by myeloperoxidase. Amino acid tyrosine residue of apoA-I at position 192 and 166 are sensitive to oxidation by myeloperoxidase resulting in the generation of chlorinated and nitrated apoA-I and they are believed to be present in atherosclerotic plaques and in circulation. These oxidized apoA-I have been suggested as potential indicator(s) of CVD risks in humans. To detect the levels of oxidized apoA-I there is a need for developing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity and sensitivity that could be utilized routinely in clinical immune based assays for blood plasma or for in vivo imaging. In this study, chemically chlorinated apoA-I (chlorinated 192tyrosine- apoA-I) and a short synthetic peptide, containing the corresponding chlorinated tyrosine residue, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier protein were used for immunization. Stable hybridoma clones F7D5 and G11E3 were found to be highly sensitive and reactive towards chlorinated 192tyrosine- apoA-I. Interestingly, these mAbs also displayed positive reaction with atherosclerotic plaques obtained from mouse and human biopsies. In vitro or in vivo diagnostic tests could be developed either by detecting oxidized apoA-I in human plasma or by directly imaging atheroma plaques as both mAbs were shown to stain human atheroma. The anti-chlorinated 192tyrosine- apoA-I mAbs described in this study may have a high diagnostic potential in predicting CVD risks.

Journal of Immunological Methods

Development of anti-chloro 192 tyrosine HDL apoA-I antibodies for the immunodiagnosis of cardiovascular diseases

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a cardinal role in alleviating atherosclerosis in various ways. Its role in reverse cholesterol transport is preeminent. However, the ApoA1 undergoes oxidation under chronic inflammatory conditions and these oxidations are mediated by myeloperoxidase. It has been reported that the oxidation of the amino acids such as methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues at specific sites of ApoA1 renders it not only dysfunctional but also proinflammatory and proatherogenic. Thus, assessing the quality of ApoA1 and, in turn, that of HDL in circulating blood can serve as an early diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this study, we developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to modified ApoA1 with its tyrosine residue at the 166th position nitrated to 3-nitrotyrosine. A 20 amino acid peptide around the modification of interest was designed using an antigenicity prediction tool. The peptide was custom synthesized with ovalbumin as conjugate and used as an antigen to immunize BALB/c mice. Hybridomas were obtained by fusion of Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from the immunized mouse. A hybridoma clone 2E5B7, thus developed and characterized, was found to secrete mAb of the desired specificity and sensitivity against nitrated 166Tyrosine. The lowest concentration of the antigen that could be detected by the mAb with confidence was 15 ng. The mAb was able to detect nitrated 166Tyrosine peptide ovalbumin conjugate antigen spiked in human plasma with high specificity. The generated mAb could be potentially used in immuno-based diagnostic systems to screen the quality of HDL and in turn assess CVD risks in humans. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.

Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy

Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Nitro-166Tyrosine of High-Density Lipoprotein: Apolipoprotein A1

Adjuvants play an important role in eliciting immune responses and subsequent generation of antibodies with high specificity. Recently, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm), also known as a "smart" polymer, has been proposed as a potential adjuvant for making antibodies and vaccines. This material exhibits efficient delivery, protection against degradation, and preservation of antigen epitopes. In this work, we used both CFA and smart polymer to develop a highly specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant truncated histidine rich protein2 (HRP2) of Plasmodium falciparum. Our results indicate that the mAbs developed using these adjuvants were able to recognize recombinant HRP2 and native PfHRP2 protein from spent medium. The mAbs generated against recombinant truncated HRP2 showed better sensitivity to the antigen and importantly mAbs generated using PNiPAAm adjuvant were in the range of 108-109 M-1. The mAbs generated using PNiPAAm are very efficient and sensitive in detecting HRP2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such comparison having been made between these two adjuvants and we propose that the smart polymer has huge potential as an alternative to CFA. Additionally, we discuss the utility of the mAbs generated through PNiPAAm for specific diagnosis of malaria caused by P. falciparum. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Biotechnology Journal

Adjuvant poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) generates more efficient monoclonal antibodies against truncated recombinant histidine-rich protein2 ofPlasmodium falciparumfor malaria diagnosis

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have diverse applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. The recent advancement in hybridoma technology for large-scale production of MAbs in bioreactors demands rapid and efficient purification methods. Conventional affinity purification systems have drawbacks of low flow rates and denaturation of antibodies owing to harsh elution conditions. Here, we attempted purification of MAbs by use of a high-throughput metal-chelate methacrylate monolithic system. Monolithic macroporous convective interaction media-iminodiacetate (CIM-IDA) disks immobilized with four different metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Co2+) were used and evaluated for purification of anti-human serum albumin IgG1 mouse MAbs from cell culture supernatant after precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate. Elution with 10mM imidazole in the equilibration buffer (25mM MMA=MOPS (Morpholino propane sulfonic acid)+MES (Morpholino ethane sulfonic acid)+Acetate+0.5M NaCl, pH 7.4) resulted in a purification of 25.7 ± 2.9-fold and 32.5 ± 2.6-fold in experiments done using Zn2+ and Co2+ metal ions, respectively. The highest recovery of 85.4 ± 1.0% was obtained with a CIM-IDA-Zn(II) column. SDS-PAGE, ELISA and immuno-blot showed that the antibodies recovered were pure, with high antigen-binding efficiency. Thus, metal chelate CIM monoliths could be a potential alternative to conventional systems for fast and efficient purification of MAbs from the complex cell culture supernatant. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Biomedical Chromatography

Purification of monoclonal antibodies, IgG1, from cell culture supernatant by use of metal chelate convective interaction media monolithic columns

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

Human serum albumin: From bench to bedside

Norsk Epidemiologi

Serum-albumin and risk of thyroid cancer: A population-based, matched case-control study,

Journal of Chromatography A

Development and characterization of methacrylate-based hydrazide monoliths for oriented immobilization of antibodies

Clinical Chemistry

Quality Control of Serum Albumin Depletion for Proteomic Analysis

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human serum albumin (HSA) for the development of an immunoaffinity system with oriented anti-HSA mAbs as immobilized ligand

Journal	Data powered by TypesetJournal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0731-7085
Open Access	0