Repeatedly the shrimp culturing industry faces serious economic loss due to white spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in penaeid shrimp. The present study was carried out to determine the antiviral activity of traditional Indian medicinal herb Phyllanthus amarus against WSSV in freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst). For experimental challenge, crabs were injected with three different solvent extracts of P.Â amarus (aqueous, acetone and petroleum ether) along with WSSV. The efficacy of the extracts was confirmed by bioassay, histopathology and reverse transcriptase â polymerase chain reaction (RTâPCR). The overall results of the present study confirmed that acetone and petroleum ether extracts of P.Â amarus have significant antiviral effect against WSSV.

Kesavan K

Mohammed R.F

Tohru M

Toshiaki I

Raja S.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Aquaculture Research

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in penaeid shrimp. HPM was observed in several countries, including Thailand and India; it has become a prominent pathogen in shrimp culture. Based on observations on EHP infection in the wild, the route of transmission has been hypothesized. Identification of artificial EHP infection procedures can facilitate our understanding of EHP transmission. Experimental transmission of EHP was attempted using the immersion and oral infections of infection. In the immersion mode, post-larvae (PL) were exposed to an EHP tissue homogenate (0.2%) by immersion for 48 hr. Experimental samples were collected at various time points, and infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction, haematoxylin and eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy and modified trichrome staining. All test results revealed successful EHP transmission. Similar results were obtained through oral infection (oral infection). Innate immune gene expression patterns during infection were analysed; prophenoloxidase, crustin and superoxide dismutase were upregulated at 6, 6 and 48 hr post-challenge, respectively. Experimental infection procedures facilitate the development of diagnostic and prevention strategies. This is the first study demonstrating the experimental transmission of EHP in shrimp PL. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Journal of Fish Diseases

Experimental horizontal transmission of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in post-larvae of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

White spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a lethal disease for shrimp. Envelope structural proteins play a major role in viral attachment and are believed to be the initial molecules to interact with the host cell. Thus, the envelope proteins have been preferred as a potential molecular target for drug discovery. In the present investigation, molecular docking and simulation analysis were performed to predict the binding efficiency of phytocompounds identified from Phyllanthus amarus with major envelope proteins, VP26, VP28, and VP110, and a nucleocapsid protein VP664 of WSSV. The docking result reveals that the compounds 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-acetate and 1,4-benzenediamine, N,N′-diphenyl exhibited highest binding energy with the envelope proteins. The mobility of protein–ligand binding complex at various time intervals was validated by molecular dynamics and simulation study. Therefore, P. amarus phytocompounds were found to be most suitable inhibitors for the antiviral treatment for WSSV infection. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Fulltext

3 Biotech

Molecular docking and simulation studies of Phyllanthus amarus phytocompounds against structural and nucleocapsid proteins of white spot syndrome virus

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

Exploring the potentiality of Artemia salina to act as a reservoir for microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei of penaeid shrimp

Aquaculture

In vivo screening of mangrove plants for anti WSSV activity in Penaeus monodon, and evaluation of Ceriops tagal as a potential source of antiviral molecules

A rapid non-enzymatic method of DNA extraction for PCR detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in two species of freshwater crabs (Paratelphusa hydrodomous and P. pulvinata)

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from Artemia nauplii and efficacy of formaldehyde to control bacterial load

The Lancet

EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS ON CHRONIC CARRIERS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS

Protective efficacy of active compounds fromPhyllanthus amarusagainst white spot syndrome virus in freshwater crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous)

Journal	Data powered by TypesetAquaculture Research
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetWiley
ISSN	1355-557X
Open Access	0