The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 &amp; 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 &amp; 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th–7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB &amp; LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p &lt; 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p &lt; 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p &lt; 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Sridharan K

Department of Design and Automation

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Pragasam V

Department of Bio-Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Mehra Y

Ganesh R.N

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Food and Chemical Toxicology

The therapeutic potency of ultrasonic nanoemulsified garlic oil blend using a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) was assessed on pre-diabetic Wistar rats with microalbuminuria. The pre-diabetic condition was induced in male albino Wistar rats by supplementing high-fat diet. The prolonged period of the pre-diabetic state caused renal dysfunctioning, which was indicated by microalbuminuria. Treatment of pre-diabetic rats with nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly ameliorated the lipid profile (p &lt; 0.001), urinary albumin (p &lt; 0.01), microprotein (p &lt; 0.001), urinary triglycerides (p &lt; 0.01), serum triglycerides (p &lt; 0.01), serum albumin (p &lt; 0.05), and protein levels (p &lt; 0.01) in comparison to treatment of pre-diabetic rats with garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Similarly, histopathological investigations indicated a remarkable attenuation in the mesangial expansion and proliferation, glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening, and the tubular lipid deposits on administering nanoemulsified garlic oil blend than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. Moreover, nanoemulsified garlic oil blend significantly promoted renal podocin gene expression by 3.98-fold (p &lt; 0.001) and attenuated increased urinary podocin level by 2.92-fold (p &lt; 0.01). Thus, our study affirms that the efficacy of garlic oil blend was augmented upon nanoemulsification, which substantially ameliorated the renal abnormalities observed in the pre-diabetic condition than garlic oil blend or atorvastatin. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Enhanced Therapeutic Potency of Nanoemulsified Garlic Oil Blend Towards Renal Abnormalities in Pre-diabetic Rats

Context: Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. (Rutaceace) is a commonly available fruit variety with high medicinal and industrial values.Objective: Lemon peel (LP) extract was studied as a potent preventive and curative agent for experimentally induced hyperoxaluric rats.Materials and methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and toxicity study were performed for aqueous methanol LP extract. Twenty-four Wistar rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Urolithic (ethylene glycol (EG) - 0.75%); Group 3: Preventive study (EG + LP extract administration from 0th to 7th week); Group 4: Curative study (EG + LP extract administration from 4th to 7th week). Animals received LP extract daily by oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks.Results and discussion: GC-MS analyses revealed that compound 6 was abundant in the LP extract (32%) followed by compound 1 (∼21%). The LD50 value of LP extract was found to be &gt;5000 mg/kg of body weight. Urolithic rats showed significantly higher urinary calcium and oxalate (4.47 ± 0.44 and 18.86 ± 0.55 mg/24 h, respectively) excretion compared with control and experimental rats. Renal function parameters like urea (84 ± 8.5 and 96.1 ± 3.6 mg/dL), creatinine (1.92 ± 0.27 and 1.52 ± 0.22 mg/dL), and urinary protein (2.03 ± 0.02 and 2.13 ± 0.16 mg/24 h) were also reduced by LP extract (p &lt; 0.001) and corroborated with tissue analyses (SOD, catalase, and MDA levels) and histological studies in normal and experimental animals. Immunohistochemical staining of THP and NF-B in urolithic animals showed elevated expression than the control, while LP extract suppressed the expression of these proteins.Conclusion: In conclusion, lemon peel is effective in curing kidney stone disease and also can be used to prevent the disease and its recurrence. © 2015 Taylor &amp; Francis.

Fulltext

Pharmaceutical Biology

Beneficial effect ofCitrus limonpeel aqueous methanol extract on experimentally induced urolithic rats

Purpose: Citrus is considered as a medically important plant from ancient times and the bioflavonoids of different variety of citrus fruits were well explored for their biological activities. The study aim was to explore the effect of citrus bioflavonoids (CB) to prevent and cure hyperoxaluria induced urolithiasis. Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were segregated into 4 Groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Urolithic (EG-0.75%); Group 3: Preventive study (EG+CB, day 1-50); Group 4: Curative study (EG+CB, day 30-50). Animals received CB orally (20mg/kg body weight) after performing a toxicity study. Results: Urinary risk factors and serum renal function parameters were significantly reduced by CB administration in both preventive and curative study (p&lt;0.001). Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin and von Kossa staining demonstrated that renal protection was offered by CB against EG insult. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed over expression and abnormal localization of THP and NF-?B in urolithic rats, while it was effectively regulated by CB supplementation. Conclusion: CB prevented and significantly controlled lithogenic factors and CaOx deposition in rats. We propose CB as a potential therapy in management of urolithiasis. © 2015 The Authors.

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Citrus Bioflavonoids Ameliorate Hyperoxaluria Induced Renal Injury and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition in Wistar Rats

PLOS ONE

Deregulated Renal Calcium and Phosphate Transport during Experimental Kidney Failure

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Redox-active biflavonoids from Garcinia brasiliensis as inhibitors of neutrophil oxidative burst and human erythrocyte membrane damage

Urolithiasis

In vitro anti-lithogenic activity of lime powder regimen (LPR) and the effect of LPR on urinary risk factors for kidney stone formation in healthy volunteers

Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats

Journal	Data powered by TypesetFood and Chemical Toxicology
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0278-6915
Open Access	0