The main aim of the proposed work is to review and develop a theoretical background for analysis of different types of neuromodulation techniques. Neuromodulation is a clinical therapeutic tool to modify the neuronal activities in order to address the disorders associated with the nervous system. The most recent development in neuromodulation tools is optogenetics. Being a form of gene therapy, optogenetics combines genetic engineering with optics as stimulation as well as inhibition to observe and control the function of genetically targeted groups of cells with light, often in intact animals. © 2016 IETE.

Velmathi G

Electronics

School of Electronics Engineering

Chennai Campus

Henry R

Deckert M

Schmidt B.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Review of Neuromodulation Techniques and Technological Limitations

IETE Technical Review

In the last decade, light has been increasingly used as an innovative optical stimulation tool for therapeutic and diagnostic neuronal applications. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a suitable light source. Such implantable systems include small-dimensional diodes as light sources for nerve stimulation in tandem with neural electrodes. All such devices generate a huge amount of heat which may limit their functionality and characteristic behaviour. Heat generated, if not properly engineered to dissipate through the design, may cause serious damages to biological tissue especially in the case of brain implants. The main purpose of the proposed project is to analyse the thermal behaviour of Optrodes operating in the brain environment and thermal management techniques for such a device. The work started with the analysis of heat dissipation from an LED and methods to insulate the brain tissues. Finite element method simulation is done to investigate thermal characteristics of implantable Optrodes. In order to verify the simulated results, an Optrode structure is developed on a standard substrate. The temperature of the Optrode is measured experimentally in operating mode in environmental conditions similar to brain tissues. The results from simulation, experiment, and analytical calculations are compared for validation. Finally, optical characteristics of LED are measured to correlate the thermal behaviour of the system. From the results obtained, a technically feasible thermal management system for such an Optrode design is suggested. © 2020, © 2020 IETE.

IETE Journal of Research

Thermal Analysis of Light Source for Optogenetics Experiments

Evaluating the Research in Automatic Emotion Recognition

Review and Performance Analysis on Routing and Wavelength Assignment Approaches for Optical Networks

Journal	IETE Technical Review
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
ISSN	0256-4602
Open Access	No