Water pollution by various toxic contaminants has become one of the most serious problems worldwide. Various technologies have been used to treat water and waste water including chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation–flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. From past few decades, nanotechnology has gained wide attention and various nanomaterials have been developed for the water remediation. In the present review article, various nanomaterials have been reviewed which have been used for water decontamination. The special emphasis in the review has been given on adsorption, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of nanomaterials.

Velmurugan V

Centre for Nanotechnology Research

Vellore Campus

George Jacob

Nirmala Grace A

Santhosh C

Jeong S.K

Bhatnagar A.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Chemical Engineering Journal

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Remediation

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment

The spread of a wide range of contaminants in surface water and groundwater has become a critical issue worldwide due to population growth, industrialization, and long-term droughts. It is necessary to control the harmful effects of these contaminants and improve the human living environment. There is a need for the development of various technologies and adsorbents to remove toxic pollutants from water. Among the various nanoadsorbents, nanoscale magnetite particles (approximately one billion times smaller [by volume] than microscale particles) are being extensively researched for the treatment of water and wastewater. The present chapter deals with the utilization of iron oxide nanomaterials for water purification in light of their unique properties (such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability and excellent magnetic properties). Nanomaterials such as iron oxide nanoparticles are efficient adsorbents because they combine magnetic separation with ionic exchange capacity for heavy metal removal. A number of environmental cleanup technologies have been proposed in wastewater treatment with the use of iron oxide nanomaterials as nanosorbents and photocatalysts. In addition, iron-oxide-based immobilization technology for enhancing removal efficiency of hazardous materials tends to be an innovative research point. This chapter outlines the recent developments in the application of iron oxide nanomaterials for water treatment. A detailed review is addressed to the utilization of iron oxide nanomaterials as nanoadsorbents as well as their utility as photocatalysts. The practical potential and likely environmental fate when iron oxide nanomaterials are discharged is also discussed. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..

Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification

Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Water Purification

Role of nanomaterials in water treatment applications: A review

The removal of dyes from the water discharged by the dye industries is one of the major concerns of the scientific community. Membrane technology, owing to its numerous advantages, can be useful in mitigating this problem. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles-dispersed carboxylated graphene oxide nanosheets (ZnO/cGO nanohybrid) were synthesized, characterized and embedded in hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) to efficiently remove dyes from water. The physiochemical characterization of these membranes was carried out to elucidate the positive effect of ZnO/cGO nanohybrid on surface functionality, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, surface potential, and surface roughness. The pure water permeability, antifouling property, and rejection of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) were also measured using these membranes. With 0.5 wt. % ZnO/cGO nanohybrid in HFMs, the pure water permeability was calculated to be 358.5 ± 14.9 mL/m 2 /h/mmHg. Remarkably, flux recovery of 98.5% was measured. The MB and Rh.B rejection values were 98.6 ± 1.4% and 98.5 ± 1.1%, respectively. Clearly, this work experimentally showed that the addition of ZnO/cGO nanohybrid in PES HFMs resulted in high water flux, superior antifouling property, and high dye rejection. Thus, the novel ZOGP HFMs are potentially efficacious membranes for dye removal from water. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Water Process Engineering

Efficient removal of dyes from water by high flux and superior antifouling polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes modified with ZnO/cGO nanohybrid

Graphene manganese ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 -G) composite was prepared by a solvothermal process. The as-prepared graphene manganese ferrite composite was tested for the adsorption of lead (Pb(II)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) ions by analytical methods under diverse experimental parameters. With respect to contact time measurements, the adsorption of Pb and Cd ions increased and reached equilibrium within 120 and 180 min at 37°C with a maximum adsorption at pH 5 and 7 respectively. The Langmuir model correlates to the experimental data showing an adsorption capacity of 100 for Pb(II) and 76.90 mg g -1 for Cd(II) ions. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of Pb and Cd ions onto MnFe 2 O 4 -G was spontaneous, exothermic and feasible in the range of 27-47°C. Cytotoxicity behavior of graphene against bacterial cell membrane is well known. To better understand its antimicrobial mechanism, the antibacterial activity of graphene and MnFe 2 O 4 -G nanocomposite was compared. Under similar concentration and incubation conditions, nanocomposite MnFe 2 O 4 -G dispersion showed the highest antibacterial activity of 82%, as compared to graphene showing 37% cell loss. Results showed that the prepared composite possess good adsorption efficiency and thus could be considered as an excellent material for removal of toxic heavy metal ions as explained by adsorption isotherm. Hence MnFe 2 O 4 -G can be used as an adsorbent as well as an antimicrobial agent. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Applied Surface Science

Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe 2 O 4 -graphene composite-Investigation of its adsorption and antimicrobial properties

Magnetic cobalt and nickel ferrites with graphene nanocomposites (GCF &amp; GNF) were tested for removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. A highest adsorption was achieved for Pb2+viz. 142.8 and 111.1 mg g−1 and for Cd2+ 105.26 and 74.62 mg g−1 for GCF and GNF.

RSC Advances

CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4@graphene adsorbents for heavy metal ions – kinetic and thermodynamic analysis

Graphene–Fe3O4 (G–Fe3O4) composite was prepared from graphene oxide (GO) and FeCl3·6H2O by a one-step solvothermal route.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetChemical Engineering Journal
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	1385-8947
Open Access	No