This paper presents a relatively simple and low-cost approach to prepare Al2O3 coated with electrospun meta-aramid nanofibers. These Al2O3/meta-aramid composite nanofiber mats can be directly used as separating membrane in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The manufacture, characteristics, performance and modifications of these Al 2O3/meta-aramid composite nanofiber separators are introduced and discussed. In cell test, the capacity efficiency of Al 2O3 coated M-aramid nanofibers separator was much better than that of M-aramid nanofibers. The LiCoO2/graphite cells assembled with the Al2O3 ceramic coated M-aramid nanofibers separator exhibited reversibility up to 4.2 V with a 232 mA h/g discharge capacity. Among numerous battery separators, the thermal shutdown and ceramic based separators are of special importance in enhancing the safety of lithium-ion batteries. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.