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Transesterification of castor oil using benzimidazolium based Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst
Khiratkar A.G, Balinge K.R, Patle D.S, Krishnamurthy M, ,
Published in Elsevier BV
2018
Volume: 231
   
Pages: 458 - 467
Abstract
In this work, two Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (IL) catalysts containing benzimidazolium and imidazolium cation and two basic IL catalysts, i.e. 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)1-methyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium hydroxide (DFImIL-OH−) and poly(3-benzyl-1-(4-(sec-butyl)benzyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-iumhydroxide) (PIL(OH−), have been prepared. Developed catalyst was then characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and the acidity of BBAIL and ImBAIL was measured by the Hammett method using 4-nitroaniline as an indicator. Among all synthesized catalysts, benzimidazolium based Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst (BBAIL) was found to be best for the transesterification of castor oil in terms of biodiesel yield. Biodiesel yield was found to have affected significantly by castor oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst amount. Maximum yield of the biodiesel (i.e. 96%) was obtained using 1:12 M ratio of castor oil to methanol at 40 °C and 5 mol% of the catalyst loading in 14 h. Obtained results indicated that BBAIL could be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of much-desired biodiesel synthesis. Major highlights of this work are moderate reaction temperature, easy catalyst separation and catalyst recyclability up to 3 cycles with little loss of yield. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
About the journal
JournalData powered by TypesetFuel
PublisherData powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN0016-2361
Open AccessNo