Basil oil (Ocimum basilicum) nanoemulsion was formulated using non-ionic surfactant Tween80 and water by ultrasonic emulsification method. Process of nanoemulsion development was optimized for parameters such as surfactant concentration and emulsification time to achieve minimum droplet diameter with high physical stability. Surfactant concentration was found to have a negative correlation with droplet diameter, whereas emulsification time had a positive correlation with droplet diameter and also with intrinsic stability of the emulsion. Stable basil oil nanoemulsion with droplet diameter 29.3 nm was formulated by ultrasonic emulsification for 15 min. Formulated nanoemulsion was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by kinetics of killing experiment. Fluorescence microscopy and FT-IR results showed that nanoemulsion treatment resulted alteration in permeability and surface features of bacterial cell membrane. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chandra Sekaran N

Centre for Nanobiotechnology

Vellore Campus

Amitava Mukherjee

Ghosh V

Fulltext

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Many human acid tolerant bacterial and fungal pathogens can be transmitted through the consumption of the contaminated fruit juices. We aim to formulate essential oil nanoemulsions (basil, black seed, turmeric, clove & cinnamon), determine their ability to clear contamination by food borne bacterial pathogens from fruit juices. The antibacterial activity of the optimised formulations was tested in the fruit juices against bacterial pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of clove emulsions ranged from 15.6 to 25 μL mL⁻¹. Cinnamon oil emulsion had an MBC ranging between 15 and 31 μL mL⁻¹. At MBC, cinnamon oil emulsions caused a 6log₁₀ decrease in viable counts by 8 h and maintained the sterility of fruit juices for 7 days at ambient temperature. Thus, clove and cinnamon microemulsions can be used as juice additives to control food borne bacterial pathogens and maintain the bacterial sterility of fruit juices.

International Journal of Food Science & Technology

Essential oil nanoemulsions: antibacterial activity in contaminated fruit juices

Vitamin deficiency arises when the dietary intake of essential vitamins is too low. Insufficient levels of vitamin weaken the body and induce diseases. Although the dietary intake of essential vitamins has increased through food fortification, there are still major issues of vitamin deficiency. Moreover, consumption of vitamins in classical food supplements presents drawbacks such as poor bioavailability and low stability, notably in the gastrointestinal tract conditions. To overcome such issues, vitamin nanoemulsions have been recently developed. Here, we review the design of vitamin nanoemulsions with various oils to meet specific needs; actual research and markets for vitamin nanoemulsions; and techniques for nanoemulsion characterization. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Food-grade nanoencapsulation of vitamins

The development of resistance to antimicrobial agents has been the major concern in the aquaculture industry. Essential oil nanoemulsions can be an effective alternative to the synthetic antimicrobial compounds, as they are efficient and safer to the environment. This study deals with the formulation, characterisation, application and biosafety of the black pepper oil nanoemulsion prepared using high-pressure homogenization method. A stable formulation of black pepper oil nanoemulsion was obtained with the oil and surfactant (Tween 80) ratio of 1:2. The mean droplet size and polydispersity index of the nanoemulsion was found to be 30.3 ± 2 nm and 0.21 respectively. The antibacterial activity of the black pepper oil nanoemulsion against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as studied by microbroth dilution method was found to be 0.234 μl/ml. SEM analysis of the nanoemulsion treated bacterial cells showed significant membrane damage and the results were corroborative with the cell membrane integrity study. The MIC of black pepper oil nanoemulsion was found to be very effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa (0.234 μl/ml) as evident from the Congo red dye reduction assay. Further the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of the black pepper oil nanoemulsion was tested on the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and the MIC value of (0.234 μl/ml) was found effective in controlling the bacterial infection. Biosafety studies of blackpepper oil nanoemulsion on Artemia salina reveals the nontoxic nature of formulated nanoemulsion. The above findings envisage that black pepper oil nanoemulsion can be used as a potent antimicrobial agent for the control of bacterial infections in aquaculture industry. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Aquaculture

Antimicrobial potency of high-energy emulsified black pepper oil nanoemulsion against aquaculture pathogen

The current eco-toxicological problem occurring world-wide as a result of the heavy usage of hazardous engineered nanomaterials has driven the invention or use of materials that are eco-safe. Nanomaterials prepared with an eco-safe approach provide a remedy for this problem. These engineered nanoparticles have a very small size range, which makes them both promising and challenging - a "two-edged sword." These nanoparticles are useful in product development, which is applicable in several fields. The properties of these nano-sized particles that make them a useful tool (e.g., shape, size, high reactivity), simultaneously make them a cause for concern in nature, resulting in ill-effects towards the environment. Bio-based nanoparticles are a better option with potent application properties and lower eco-toxicity influence. Bio-based nanoemulsions are an example of a bio-based nanomaterial. Nanoemulsions comprise an oil and aqueous phase mixed with a surfactant. A nanoemulsion can include nanoparticles ranging in size between 20 and 200 nm. The nanometric size of these emulsions allows for a wide range of applications in, for example, the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and agriculture. Their bio-based approach to formulation makes them economical and eco-friendly. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. All Rights Reserved.

Handbook of Ecomaterials

Bio-Based Nanoemulsions: An Eco-Safe Approach Towards the Eco-Toxicity Problem

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health concern worldwide. A narrowing of the antibiotic development pipeline and a resurgence in public opinion towards 'natural' therapies have renewed the interest in using essential oils as antimicrobial agents. The drawbacks of bulk dosing of essential oils can be mitigated by formulating them as micro- and nanoemulsions. These emulsions have an added advantage as they are in the nanometre size range whose thermodynamic properties enable them to be used as an effective drug delivery system. This review describes the current work on the antimicrobial activities of essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions and their role as drug delivery vehicles.

Letters in Applied Microbiology

Essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions: promising roles in antimicrobial therapy targeting human pathogens

Background: Nanoemulsion composed of neem oil and non-ionic surfactant Tween 20, with a mean droplet size ranging from 31.03 to 251.43 nm, was formulated for various concentrations of the oil and surfactant. The larvicidal effect of the formulated neem oil nanoemulsion was checked against Culex quinquefasciatus. Results: O/W emulsion was prepared using neem oil, Tween 20 and water. Nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was obtained at a 1:3 ratio of oil and surfactant, and it was found to be stable. The larger droplet size (251.43 nm) shifted to a smaller size of 31.03 nm with increase in the concentration of Tween 20. The viscosity of the nanoemulsion increased with increasing concentration of Tween 20. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of the nanoemulsion against Cx. quinquefasciatus was checked for 1:0.30, 1:1.5 and 1:3 ratios of oil and surfactant respectively. The LC 50 decreased with droplet size. The LC 50 for the ratio 1:3 nanoemulsions was 11.75 mg L -1. Conclusion: The formulated nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was found to be an effective larvicidal agent. This is the first time that a neem oil nanoemulsion of this droplet size has been reported. It may be a good choice as a potent and selective larvicide for Cx. quinquefasciatus. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetUltrasonics Sonochemistry
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	1350-4177
Open Access	0