This work describes development of a microbial consortium dominant in anammox in presence of organic carbon (available through cell lyses) by employing simple sequencing batch operation in 23 cycles exceeding 400days. Seed biomass from a tannery Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) was enriched for anammox and attained maximum removals of NH4-N (95%) and NO2-N (98%). The anammox was confirmed by nitrogen mass balance in a controlled batch experiment and by DNA extraction-PCR-agarose gel electrophoresis. The effective anammox followed first order reaction kinetics with rate constant of 0.0141/h and half-saturation constant of 10.6mg/L. Evidence for coexistence of denitrification (99% NO2-N removal) and anammox (57.8% NH4-N removal) was demonstrated. This study opens-up possible application of microbial consortium dominant in anammox for simultaneous removal of ammonia and organic carbon from wastewaters.

Anjali Gopakumar

Civil

School of Civil Engineering

Chennai Campus

Sabumon  Pothanamkandathil Chacko

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Bioresource Technology

Microbial mediated anoxic ammonia removal in the presence of granulated nanoscale oxyhydroxides of Fe (GNOF) was investigated in a SBR, as a novel alternative to conventional nitrification and denitrification. Activated sludge flocs collected from a SBR treating sewage was used as seed biomass to develop the process. After confirming the feasibility of anoxic ammonia removal, SBR operations were carried out for 267 days in 9 phases by varying the initial NH4 +-N concentrations from 100 to 500 mg/L and cycle time from 2 to 0.5 day. Effective anoxic ammonia removal was achieved in 0.5 day cycle time with the removal rates of NH4 +-N and TN as 130 mg/L/d and 115 mg/L/d, respectively. Batch studies showed that the optimum COD/NH4 +-N ratio for effective NH4 +-N removal was less than or equal to 2. The kinetics of NH4 +-N removal, confirmation studies for GNOF coupled nitrification-denitrification and Fe redox cycling involved in the process were also performed and discussed. The developed process is economical as there is no need for aeration and alkalinity. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Anoxic ammonia removal using granulated nanoscale oxyhydroxides of Fe (GNOF) in a SBR

The present study investigates the feasibility of anoxic nitrification-denitrification in the presence of nanoscale oxides of manganese (NSOM). A template-assisted co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize NSOM. XRD and FESEM data reveal that the composite is amorphous in nature, and the particles are in nano regime (15–28 nm). The use of NSOM as an electron acceptor for the microbial mediated anoxic nitrification and the feasibility of re-oxidation of reduced NSOM coupled to denitrification was demonstrated by laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). SBR operation lasted for 343 days in 9 different phases by varying the initial NH4+-N (100–500 mg l−1) and cycle time (0.5–2.0 d). Maximum removals of NH4+-N and total nitrogen were 126.2 ± 11.3 mg l−1 d−1 and 109.8 ± 10.9 mg l−1 d−1 respectively, in 0.5 d cycle time. Separate batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of time, pH, temperature, COD/NH4+-N ratio, and inhibitory concentrations of NH4+-N, NO2−-N, and S2−, on the anoxic nitrification process. The developed process is economical as it works in the absence of external supply of aeration and alkalinity, and reduces 70% of the requirement of COD compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Microbial mediated anoxic nitrification-denitrification in the presence of nanoscale oxides of manganese

Enhanced simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was developed using a 2.4 L down-flow packed bed reactor for removing higher concentrations of ammonia and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (at COD/NH4-N ratio = 1.0) in low dissolved oxygen concentrations (≤0.35 mg/L). SNAD was developed using flocculent type activated sludge sourced from a tannery common effluent treatment plant and the reactor was operated continuously for 122 d at various loading rates with hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied between 12 h and 3 h. The reactor was operated in room temperature and the liquid temperature varied between 28 and 32 °C. The performance of the reactor at 3 h HRT showed enhanced removal rates of NH4-N (2.8 g/L d), total nitrogen (2.5 g/L d) and COD (4.9 g/L d) at ammonia and COD loading rates of 5.4 g/L d. The nitrogen removal was due to the competitive involvement of anammox (∼50%) and denitrification (∼50%) and these processes were confirmed by conducting separate batch experiments. There was no external addition of alkalinity at higher loading rates corresponding to the requirement of oxidation of NH4-N. This study demonstrates SNAD for enhanced rate of removals of NH4-N and COD at high concentrations compared to the reported results in literature and indicates a potential application. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development of enhanced SNAD process in a down-flow packed bed reactor for removal of higher concentrations of NH4–N and COD

Chemosphere

Start-up and long-term operation of the Anammox process in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) filled with novel non-woven ring carriers

Separation and Purification Technology

Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria from OLAND and conventional sludge: Features and limitations

Development of a simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) bench scale process for removal of ammonia from effluent of a fertilizer industry

Evaluating operation strategies and process stability of a single stage nitritation–anammox SBR by use of the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP)

Removal of highly elevated nitrate from drinking water by pH-heterogenized heterotrophic denitrification facilitated with ferrous sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification

Unprecedented development of anammox in presence of organic carbon using seed biomass from a tannery Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)

Journal	Data powered by TypesetBioresource Technology
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0960-8524
Open Access	No