Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

The main idea of this paper is to suggest a way in which, by using the Internet of Things (IoT), a person can sign a document in a particular place, and have it reflect simultaneously on a similar document elsewhere, in real time. The primary user (authenticator) uses a digital pen to sign the paper document. The signature area of the document contains a particular dot pattern which helps the digital pen track the movements as the signature is created. While the paper is being signed, the digital pen also records the user's fingerprint for later verification. The obtained information is then converted to binary bits and is encoded using DNA encryption. This cipher data is transmitted to the secondary user (receiver) where the cipher is decoded and printed on the second copy of the document. Thus, the signature is securely transferred from one paper to the other. © 2016 IEEE.

VIT Unitversity

Department of Digital Communications

School of Information Technology and Engineering

Vellore Campus

Department of Software and Systems Engineering

2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT)

IoT-based real time signature authentication and transfer from document to document with DNA encryption

With the current emergence of the Internet, there is a need to securely transfer images between systems. In this context, we propose a secure image encryption algorithm that uses both AES and Visual Cryptographic techniques to protect the image. The image is encrypted using AES and an encoding schema has been proposed to convert the key into shares based on Visual Secret Sharing. The cryptanalysis of the algorithm is then performed and is proved to be secure. The proposed algorithm is then implemented using python and the results are discussed along with the possible future modifications. © 2016 IEEE.

A novel image encryption algorithm using AES and visual cryptography

Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical medicine where medical information is transferred through the internet and other networks for the purpose of consulting, and remote medical procedures or examinations. This paper presents a novel neural network inspired watermarking technique, to enhance the authentication of the transmitted sensitive medical images over telemedicine network. In order to examine the medical images, the multiple scan images of same type or different types can be considered as watermarks and the same are trained using Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural network. The resultant weight matrix is embedded in the less correlated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) components of the wavelet coefficients of the cover video frames using additive embedding type of watermark. At the receiver end, the same BAM neural network is used with the randomly generated target matrix and the extracted weight matrix as input. As a result of this, the input matrix will be obtained. From the input matrix, the physician can extract their own information or scan images using their private or secret key. The proposed watermarking technique is validated with the existing systems in terms of imperceptibility, robustness and watermark capacity using the metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Bit Correction Rate (BCR), Detection rate, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and payload. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by introducing various notable image processing attacks, geometrical attacks and video processing attacks on watermarked video. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique has good perceptual quality of 50.6292 dB in terms of PSNR value, robustness of about nearly 1.0000 in terms of NCC value and payload of 1000 watermarks. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Multimedia Tools and Applications

A bi-directional associative memory based multiple image watermarking on cover video

In this paper, an efficient, highly imperceptible, robust, and secure digital video watermarking technique for content authentication based on Hilbert transform in the Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) domain has been introduced. The Hilbert coefficients of gray watermark image are embedded into the cover video frames Hilbert coefficients on the 2-level IWT decomposed selected block on sub-bands using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. The authentication is achieved by using the digital signature mechanism. This mechanism is used to generate and embed a digital signature after embedding the watermarks. Since, the embedding process is done in Hilbert transform domain, the imperceptibility and the robustness of the watermark is greatly improved. At the receiver end, prior to the extraction of watermark, the originality of the content is verified through the authentication test. If the generated and received signature matches, it proves that the received content is original and performs the extraction process, otherwise deny the extraction process due to unauthenticated received content. The proposed method avoids typical degradations in the imperceptibility level of watermarked video in terms of Average Peak Signal – to – Noise Ratio (PSNR) value of about 48db, while it is still providing better robustness against common video distortions such as frame dropping, averaging, and various image processing attacks such as noise addition, median filtering, contrast adjustment, and geometrical attacks such as, rotation and cropping in terms of Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC) value of about nearly 1. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.

World University root node

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

An efficient hilbert and integer wavelet transform based video watermarking

International Journal of Information Privacy, Security and Integrity

False-positive free Hilbert and multi-resolution-based image watermarking technique using firefly optimisation algorithm

The advancements in network technologies and processing of multimedia contents have provided the way for the distribution and sharing of multimedia contents through networks. This in turn has increased the demand for protecting the multimedia contents in terms of authentication, proof of ownership, copy control etc., which can be achieved by means of what is called digital watermarking. The challenges in watermarking techniques are how to achieve the imperceptibility, robustness and payload simultaneously. This paper presents a new bit plane sliced, scrambled color image watermark embedded on the color cover video using hybrid transforms such as Contourlet Transform (CT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transformations with good imperceptibility, high robustness and at an information rate of (N − number of motion frames) / 24 images per second of the video, where N is the total number of frames in the video. In order to achieve a good level of imperceptibility, we perform the following: First, we slice the color watermark image into 24 slices using the bit plane slicing mechanism. Subsequently, the so called Arnold transformation key is used to scramble those slices, to achieve first-level of security. Thus, an authenticated receiver with an appropriate key alone can descramble the received slices. Second, we embed those scrambled slices on one of the DWT mid-frequency coefficients (LH band) of successive 1-level CT non-motion frames of color cover video. The non-motion frames are identified using the histogram difference based shot boundary detection algorithm. Third, in order to the provide second-level of security, we generate a random eigen vector from the color watermark image, using co-variance matrix and maximum eigen value and then embed it on another DWT mid-frequency coefficients (HL band). Thus, embedding only the slices (not an entire image) will improve the level of imperceptibility. The midfrequency embedding location can withstand against all low pass and hig pass filtering attacks; thereby it increases the level of robustness. Thus, the proposed system is suitable for authentication. Finally, as far as payload is concerned, we need only 24 non-motion frames for embedding our watermark on to the cover video. Hence the remaining frames can be utilized for embedding other color images. Our simulation results prove that the proposed system provides trustworthy performance against various notable image processing attacks, multiple attacks, geometrical attacks, and temporal attacks. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015.

A robust color video watermarking scheme based on hybrid embedding techniques

In this paper, we implemented a new algorithm in spatial domain with shell based pixel selection for watermark embedding and extraction. Here, the watermark is first converted into binary image by local thresholding and then converted into a logical matrix. Before embedding, each value of logical matrix is XOR-ed using a random 8-bit key to generate modified logical matrix. Next, the pixel of host image is selected by shell-based technique along row and column alternatively, starting from position (2, 2) and moving diagonally. To prevent duplicate selection of pixel two direct-address tables are maintained. Each pixel is sliced into red, green, blue and alpha components and bits from modified logical matrix are embedded into LSB of each component and finally an extraction key is generated. To detect tampering in an image, watermark is extracted using key and compared with original watermark. The proposed method is evaluated with benchmark dataset and we obtained a favorable result in terms of PSNR and BER. We reported the results of various kinds of image manipulation to assess the performance of the proposed method by drawing a comparative study of the original watermark and the watermark extracted from a manipulated image. Shell based pixel selection gives sensitivity and converting watermark to logical matrix and storing it in each component of pixel gives higher capacity than traditional methods. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

An efficient spatial domain based image watermarking using shell based pixel selection

One of the major goals in the field of computer vision is to enable computers to replicate the basic functions of human vision such as motion perception and scene understanding. To achieve the goal of intelligent motion perception, much effort has been spent on visual object tracking. Research interest in visual object tracking comes from the fact that it has a wide range of real-world applications. The uncertainty of validating unpredictable features in object tracking is a challenging task in visual object tracking with occlusion and large appearance variation. To address this uncertainty, we propose an adaptive approach which uses updating model based on the occlusion and distortion parameters. In case of occlusion or large appearance variation, the proposed method uses backward model validation where it updates the invalid appearance and then validates the target feature model. If the target feature did not undergo any kind of clutter or distortions, it simply validates and then updates the appearance model using forward feature validation. The experimental results obtained from this adaptive approach demonstrate effectiveness in terms of OR (Overlap Rate) and Center Location Error, compared with other relevant existing algorithms. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Fulltext

Procedia Computer Science

An Adaptive Approach for Validation in Visual Object Tracking

In the conventional method, the patient's record is stored either in the database or the server of the particular hospital or on the server of the third party vendor. In the former method, patient data will not be available to the hospital, which is at a different location. If the server is used by the hospital, other hospitals cannot view patient details when a patient is admitted in the new hospital. A patient-centric data is stored in a cloud environment so that patient, doctors and other relevant people can view the record. Before the data is outsourced to the third party vendor's, data are encrypted. Attribute based encryption is used for encryption as the patient can grant access to the person to whom they want to share data. In order to reduce the key management complexity among patient and other users, multiple security domains are created. The patient will have complete control of his/her medical records patient can share his/her data to family or friends or to other doctors. This method increases the availability, portability and security of the patient record. © Research India Publications.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research

Secure data sharing of patient record in cloud environment using attribute based encryption

In this paper we proposed a novel video watermarking technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition based on subband selection procedure. To increase the level of authentication, the two watermarks are used: one is the original watermark and the other is the owners' fingerprint. These two watermarks are embedded into the cover video based on the subband selection scores. From the experimental analysis, we found that the proposed watermarking technique is more robust to all possible attacks than existing video watermarking technique.

International Journal of Security and its Applications

A robust video watermarking algorithm for content authentication using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD)

In this paper, an efficient side view based video in video watermarking technique using DWT and Hilbert transform has been proposed. First, convert the cover video to side-view video using pre-processing steps. This pre-processing helps to switch the frames video references with dimensions equivalent to the number of frames like width and the same height than the original video. The proposed algorithm is a non-blind watermarking algorithm, means that the receiver needs the original host data in order to extract the watermark from the received watermarked video. The experimental result shows that, the algorithm runs with good imperceptibility levels, with an average PSNR value 42. It also robust against most of the attacks such as image processing, geometrical and video processing attacks when compared to the existing video watermarking techniques. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.