Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Conventional seismic design approach depends on inelastic deformation of structural members for seismic energy dissipation. This concept may provide safety and economy in seismic design, but may not prevent damage in structures after strong earthquake. Consequently, the gravity framing systems in such structures may be exposed to interstoreydrift demands several times greater than would be expected on the basis of design calculations, calling into question their perceived safety. In this study, an overview of the seismic performance of the structures with respect to different design parameters are discussed. It is concluded thatthe strength and the initial stiffness of the designed frames decrease as the allowed storey drift limit of the frame increases. The maximum storey drift and beam-strain responses of the frames under the earthquake loading increases with the increase in the allowable storey drift limits. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

VIT Unitversity

Civil

School of Civil Engineering

Chennai Campus

Materials Today: Proceedings

Seismic performance of different allowable storey drift limits: a review

This experimental investigation is focused on strength and durability of high performance engineered cementitious composites (HECC). HECC is a mortar based cement composites comprising of 1% steel and 1% polypropylene fibers without coarse aggregates and designed based on micromechanics design principle. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were evaluated for HECC and compared with normal concrete. In addition to the mechanical properties durability studies in terms of plastic shrinkage and rapid chloride penetration tests were also performed between HECC and normal concrete. The experimental test results revealed that compressive strength of HECC was similar to control concrete. The splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity results of HECC were higher than control concrete. The durability test results of HECC exhibited no crack behavior in plastic shrinkage and low chloride ion penetration compared to control concrete. The composites with steel and polypropylene fibers without coarse aggregates performed better both in terms of strength and durability properties. © 2018 Associated Cement Companies Ltd. All rights reserved.

World University root node

Indian Concrete Journal

Strength and durability of high performance engineered cementitious composites

This work investigates the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of normal, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Smart Dynamic Concrete (SDC), which are a new generation of concrete with a lower amount of cementitious content. SDC is a low-fine, self-compacting concrete, that combines the benefits of normal concrete (stability) and self-compacting concrete (fresh properties). Fresh properties such as slump flow, L-box and V-funnel tests were investigated to evaluate its self-compacting properties. Mechanical properties such as compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were also examined to compare its effectiveness with normal concrete. In addition to the fresh and hardened properties, the rapid chloride permeability test was also conducted to check the durability of normal, SCC and SDC concrete mixtures. The test results of the fresh properties clearly showed that SDC exhibited superior flowability in the slump flow, L-box and V-funnel tests within the limits of EFNARC (The European Federation of Specialist Construction Chemical and Concrete Systems) guidelines. The mechanical properties of SDC attained higher compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength compared with the normal and SCC concrete mixtures. The rapid chloride permeability tests result of SDC clearly showed that SDC exhibited similar and better results than that of normal and SCC concrete mixtures. © IJTech 2018.

Fulltext

International Journal of Technology

Comparison of Fresh and Hardened Properties of Normal, Self Compacting and Smart Dynamic Concrete

This study is aimed to investigate compressive strength, flexural strength and shear strength of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with high volume fly ash by replacing cement with Class F fly ash in the range of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% respectively. The experimental results shows that compressive strength and flexural strength decreased at 28 days as the percentage of high volume fly ash increased, but when the curing was increased to 90 days, 40% and 60% high volume fly ash engineered cementitious composite exhibited lesser but similar compressive and flexural strength compared to ECC without fly ash. The shear strength decreased as the percentage of high volume fly ash increased in ECC at 28 days. However, the rate of reduction of shear strength decreased when the curing was increased to 90 days. Based on the experimental results, an empirical relationship (exponential) is proposed between shear strength, compressive strength and flexural strength to predict shear strength from compressive and flexural strength at 28 and 90 days respectively. The percentage difference between the experimental and predicted shear strength from the empirical relationship was observed to be lesser than 14% for both 28 and 90 days, thus exhibiting the degree of accuracy for the proposed relationship. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

Empirical relationship between mechanical properties of high volume fly ash engineered cementitious composites

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is known for its high tensile ductility, strain hardening property and high performance both in strength and durability properties due to hybridization of fibers. This study is focused on the strength and durability of high volume fly ash in engineered cementitious composites. The cement content in ECC is more than the normal or conventional concrete. This experimental investigation is aimed to reduce cement content in ECC by replacing it with high volume Class F fly ash in the range of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The tests for mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were performed. To determine the durability properties water absorption and rapid chloride ion permeability tests were also performed. The high volume fly ash in ECC increased the mechanical properties as the percentage of replacement of fly ash increased up to 60% beyond which the strength decreased. The water absorption of high volume fly ash exhibited lesser than 5% compared to control mixture. Similarly, the chloride ion penetration of high volume fly ash in ECC exhibited from moderate to very low chloride ion penetration as the percentage of fly ash increased from 40% to 100%. This study clearly shows that hybridization of steel and polypropylene fibers in high volume fly ash engineered cementitious composites not only improved the strength but also enhanced the durability properties when the curing period is increased. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.

Strength and Durability of High Volume Fly Ash in Engineered Cementitious Composites

This experimental study is based on self-dynamic concrete (SDC) with low fines that has greater flowability, passing ability and segregation resistance compared to self compacting concrete (SCC). Cement was replaced with Class F fly ash with 20, 40, and 60% by weight with fixed water binder ratio. Fresh properties such as slump flow, V-funnel, and J-ring test were performed. The hardened properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength were also tested. In addition to fresh and hardened properties, cost analysis was also performed to check the cost effectiveness of SDC with control mix. The results of fresh properties showed that incorporation of fly ash exhibited excellent workability and flowability in fresh state. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength were lesser at 28 days but attained comparable strengths as the curing age increased to 90 days for the mixture containing 20% fly ash. The cost analysis of SDC shows that it can reduce 14 to 33% of the total cost compared control concrete for the compressive strength of 25 to 30 MPa. © 2017 ASCE.

Congress on Technical Advancement 2017

Material Properties and Cost Analysis of Self Dynamic Concrete

In this study, the behavior of micro steel (1%) and polypropylene fibers (0. 25% and 0. 50%) in concrete under the impact load were investigated. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength (by dry and normal curing methods) and splitting tensile strength of the concrete designed for 50 MPa were evaluated. The results show that the impact strength and splitting tensile strength were increased with the incorporation of steel and polypropylene fibers. Based on the splitting tensile strength and impact strength an empirical relationship was found to predict the impact energy from splitting tensile strength of the concrete. The empirical relationship exhibited good relationship with the percentage of difference between experimental and predicted value lesser than 6%. The test results also showed that the compressive strength of normal and fiber reinforced concrete attained target compressive strength by normal curing at 28 days. © The Indian Concrete Journal September 2017.

Performance of micro steel polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete under impact load

This study is focused to improve strength and durability properties of green concrete with E-waste as fine (10%, 20% and 30%) and coarse aggregates (5%, 10% and 15%) replacement in fibre reinforced green concrete with 30% of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for the replacement of cement. Since the reuse of electronic waste and the waste industrial by-product GGBS was used in this study, this also aims to design a green concrete with E-waste. The findings from this study show that E-waste as fine aggregate attained lesser compressive strength, whereas E-waste as coarse aggregate replacement exhibited similar compressive strength compared to control concrete. The results of splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of E-waste as fine and coarse aggregate replacement mixtures were superior to that of normal concrete. The chloride ion penetration of control concrete was low, whereas for E-waste concrete mixtures moderate chloride ion penetration was observed. The overall performance of E-waste as fine and coarse aggregates replacement in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and chloride ion penetration was due to the combined pozzolanic action of GGBS, increase in the tensile behaviour due to the presence of steel fibres and good bonding of E-waste aggregates.

Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Performance of recycled e-waste as aggregates in green concrete

Beam-Column joints are critical regions in reinforced concrete crete or RCC structures which are most vulnerable or sensitive to seismic forces. Hence strengthening and rehabilitant beam-column joint is imperative to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of earthquake forces. Numerous and large scale retrofitting ting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This experimental study aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using synthetic fibres. In this study, Aramid fiber (synthetic fibres) was used for strengthening and rehabilitant of beam-column joints. Many specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading with the help of universal testing machine. At the end, test results of control and rehabilitated samples were compared together. The experimental conclusions in all tested specimens will embolden future investigations in same direction for long term performance to enhancing this AFRP in structural applications. © IAEME Publication.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

Seismic rehabilitation of RCC beam-column joint

This paper is focused on the study of Hybrid Engineered Cementitious Composite (HECC), a unique member of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) which is blended with steel and polypropylene fibers making it as a hybrid cementitious composite. The combination of the steel and polypropylene fibers benefits the properties of the individual fiber and exhibits the synergistic response. The mortar based HECC as well as conventional concrete were tested for mechanical properties to know the strength and to understand the stress-strain relationship. The results shows that based on the hybridization, incorporating steel and polypropylene fibers improved the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) of HECC by bridging and minimizing the crack width thereby increasing the ultimate load. The stress strain relationship of HECC resulted in the higher value of modulus of elasticity compared to conventional concrete. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Engineered Cementitious Composite (HECC)

A large number of multi-storied buildings were damaged and collapsed due to major earthquakes, the main aim of this paper is to design and analyze the multi -storied buildings for major earthquakes. The design involves load calculations theoretically and analyzing the structure by STAAD PRO. The design method used in the analyses is limit state design conforming to Indian standard code (IS 875 -1957 Part 3) of practice for a multi storied residential building. In this paper, the seismic analysis of proposed residential building was calculated live load, dead load, wind load and seismic load performed to reduce the collapse of structure and to increase strength and stiffness. © Research India Publications.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research

Seismic analysis of proposed residential building

This study focuses on a skew slab bridge of 12m span and 7.5m carriage way. Finite element analysis results for skewed bridges with and without End beams (diaphragms) are found out for different skew angles. IRC class A loading and IRC 70R loading are applied to find the variation of maximum deflection, maximum longitudinal sagging bending moment and maximum torsional moment for different skew angles(350, 450, 550) are found out. It was found that with the introduction of diaphragm, the values for maximum deflection, maximum longitudinal sagging bending moment and maximum torsional moment were reduced. © Research India Publications.

A parametric study on effect of diaphragm at midspan of a skew bridge

The waste and by-products from industries, thermal plants, and recycled materials have been used historically in cement, concrete and other constructional activities. By-products such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, etc., gains its utilisation owing to their physical, chemical and engineering properties when used either by processing or directly on concrete. This paper was aimed in making concrete green and durable by utilisation of bottom ash as sand replacement material in concrete that can conserve river sand from exploitation and also prevents environmental pollution caused by bottom ash which is dumped in the form of slurry as ash ponds. Bottom ash is replaced for river sand for 30%, 60%, and 100% in concrete. The strength and durability of concrete was evaluated to find its potential application in concrete. Experimental results show that 30% bottom ash can beneficially be added to the concrete to produce 40-50 MPa without affecting the strength. The durability of bottom ash exhibited superior and better performance than reference concrete. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Department of Structural and Geotechical Engineering

Vellore Campus

International Journal of Structural Engineering

Strength and durability of green concrete

The effective utilisation of waste materials of thermal power stations such as fly ash and bottom ash as partial replacement to cement and fine aggregate in concrete reduce disposal problems. In this study the bottom ash is used to replace the natural river sand upto 100% and thus it reduces the usage of river sand and reuse bottom ash in concrete which is ecofriendly and can be called Green concrete. The most important governing factor that determines the age of concrete structure is durability. Bottom ash is used as fine aggregate (30%, 60% and 100%) in concrete to reduce its environmental pollution (air, land and water) and to conserve natural river sand which is exploited for construction. This green concrete containing bottom ash is designed for 30 MPa with fixed water to binder ratio and slump value; and is evaluated for heat of hydration, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Long term drying shrinkage was evaluated for 365 days and an empirical relationship was developed to predict 10 years of drying shrinkage of green concrete. Test result show that 30% bottom ash resulted high compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than control mixture at 90 days. The drying shrinkage property of bottom ash resulted better and even superior performance for long term durability. The experimental investigation also concludes that green concrete containing 30% of bottom ash for fine aggregate replacement outperforms control concrete for the designed strength of 30 MPa at 90 days and predicted drying shrinkage for long term durability up to 10 years.

Strength and drying shrinkage of green concrete

This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several years in construction, and to utilize bottom ash from thermal power station as a partial replacement (30%, 60%, 100%) for fine aggregate. An experimental investigation has been carried out to find the compressive strength of the replaced eco-friendly green concrete with different curing methods. An equation recommended by ACI committee for conventional concrete was used to predict 56, 90 and 180 days compressive strength from 28 days compressive strength of the eco-friendly green (bottom ash) concrete that resulted with the difference between the experimental and predicted compressive strength to ± 12%. To minimize the percentage of difference, an empirical relationship was developed between the compressive strength of accelerated curing and normal curing (28, 56, 90, 180 days). It is concluded that empirical relationship predicts later age compressive strength with the minimum percentage of difference. This study of predicting later age compressive strength from empirical relationship will ultimately save time, material and most importantly assessing the quality of the design of construction.