Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Purpose: The power of the Internet has impacted various industries, especially the healthcare industry. With the rapid population growth and advancement of various sensor technologies and smart devices, the demand for quality healthcare services has increased in the past few years. At the same time, Internet of Things (IoT) technology makes intelligent objects communicate with each other by connecting all the objects without human intervention. IoT facilitated services and technologies in healthcare to provide low-cost and efficient service delivery to patients and consumers. It reduces the patient’s hospital stay time and efficient information exchange by providing cost-effective healthcare services. This systematic review analyzes different technologies, core applications, datasets, algorithms, challenges, and limitations of IoT in the healthcare sector. Methods: Database search is performed to review IoT healthcare-enabling technologies, algorithms, applications, and IoT- centric architectures. Search has been conducted over popular databases like Springer, Elsevier, and IEEE Xplore. We have downloaded around 544 research papers, out of which we have selected only 116 based on our interests. Results: We identified different challenges in healthcare IoT applications as security and privacy, scalability, high cost, energy efficiency, quality of service, network architecture, mobility, and interoperability. However, data security and privacy issues are significant challenges in the healthcare sector as they deal with patients’ confidential information. Also, we proposed a novel architecture that covers most IoT healthcare requirements. IoT healthcare applications are also detailed. In addition, it reviews most of the healthcare datasets and the utilized algorithms. Conclusions: Based on the reviewed articles in this paper, it is has been concluded that IoT devices are beneficial in the healthcare applications, regardless of their limitations in terms of energy, processing, and storage. It is a promising technology that can save time and effort to the practitioners and doctors. Several architectures and technologies are discussed as well as the limitations, which enables researchers to tackle those limitations. However, the future of IoT healthcare holds immense potential for high-security enabled and pervasive applications. Analyzing vast healthcare data using deep learning techniques can play a vital role in extracting valuable insights. To leverage the power of deep learning, it is crucial to design a well-structured cloud architecture capable of implementing these techniques and predicting future trends. While researchers have proposed various frameworks for IoT healthcare, there remains a need to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these proposed frameworks. Furthermore, it is essential to address the specific requirements and intricacies when designing detailed architectural patterns for healthcare applications. Overall, the future of IoT healthcare is expansive and offers exciting research opportunities for scholars and experts in the field. By embracing innovative technologies and addressing the specific needs of the healthcare industry, we can unlock the full potential of IoT in revolutionizing healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes.

Department of Software and Systems Engineering

School of Information Technology and Engineering

Vellore Campus

World University root node

Health and Technology

Internet of things in Healthcare: a conventional literature review

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is changing how people do business by interacting and connecting with things around them. IoT in industrial applications enables the connections between various architectures to provide better efficiency and flexibility. The Industrial Internet of Things brings potential innovation in multiple industries such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, agriculture, and healthcare. Industrial IoT is enabled by various technologies like sensors, big data, cloud, fog, machine learning, and deep learning. The emergence of all these technologies leads industries to enhance productivity, automate the manufacturing process, improve connectivity, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and decision-making tasks. Recently, privacy and security seem to be significant challenges in industrial IoT applications. Therefore, an in-depth review is needed to identify the various challenges in bringing IoT into industries. Hence, this book chapter gives an overview of various Industrial IoT applications in different sectors. It is also focused on significant technologies and architectural frameworks in Industrial IoT applications. Finally, this chapter presents the current technological challenges in developing Industrial IoT applications, which helps researchers pave the way and solve these challenges in the future.

Industrial Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges

Smart education derived from information communication technologies (ICT) has attracted various academicians towards it. The growth of multiple sensor devices and wireless networks has brought drastic changes in IoT in the education sector. Applications of IoT in the education sector can improve academicians' and learners' considerable skills. Therefore, this chapter analyses various applications, advantages, and challenges of IoT in the education sector. The multiple applications of IoT in the education sector are identified in terms of smart classroom management, student tracking and monitoring, campus energy management, and intelligent learning. IoT in education's significant advantages are an innovative teaching and learning process, cost reduction, and smart infrastructure development. Various challenges in developing IoT-based applications identify as designing a secure learning environment, efficient resource tracking, efficient access to information, and intellectual plan development.&nbsp;

IoT in the Education Sector Applications and Challenges

Computational intelligence innovation and the use of computers have changed the entire healthcare delivery system. Nurses are the leading crew of healthcare organization. But, these nurses are either lacking in computer usage or automated analysis generated by computers. Therefore, it motivates to study the use of computers and information technology by nurses in Indian healthcare system. Further, it is essential to identify the chief factors where these nurses are lacking while using computers and information technology. This will help the management to take necessary measure to train them and make the healthcare industry more productive in perception with usage of computer and information technology. To this end, data has collected from nurses in hospitals in the state of Tamilnadu, India. Data collection is not beneficial unless it is analyzed and meaningful information obtained from it. In this paper, we hybridize rough set and formal concept analysis to arrive at chief factors affecting the decisions. Rough set is used to analyze the data and to generate rules. These generated rules further passed into formal concept analysis to identify the chief characteristics affecting the decisions. This in turn help the organization to provide adequate training to the nurses and the healthcare system will move further to the next stage. © 2019, IUPESM and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Department of Computational Intelligence

School of Computer Science and Engineering

Computational intelligence techniques for efficient delivery of healthcare

Social Media has taken the world by surprise at a swift and commendable pace. With the advent of any kind of circumstances may it be related to social, political or current affairs the sentiments of people throughout the world are expressed through their help, making them suitable candidates for sentiment mining. Sentimental analysis becomes highly resourceful for any organization who wants to analyse and enhance their products and services. In the airline industries it is much easier to get feedback from astute data source such as Twitter, for conducting a sentiment analysis on their respective customers. The beneficial factors relating to twitter sentiment analysis cannot be impeded by the consumers who want to know the who's who and what's what in everyday life. In this paper we are classifying sentiment of Twitter messages by exhibiting results of a machine learning algorithm using R and Rapid Miner. The tweets are extracted and pre-processed and then categorizing them in neutral, negative and positive sentiments finally summarising the results as a whole. The Naive Bayes algorithm has been used for classifying the sentiments of recent tweets done on the different airlines. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

VIT Unitversity

Department of Information Technology

Fulltext

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Sentimental Analysis for Airline Twitter data

Background and Objective: With the accessibility of good transport system and communication system the gap between places and people have considerably reduced. Millions of people are moving towards big cities form near and far places of rural areas. So, it becomes very difficult to manage the limited number of recourse in cities with high demand. Some of the limited recourses are electricity, water, drainage and transportation. This condition of scarcity of limited resources gives rise to need of smart city technologies. In order to manage these limited resources more effectively we need relevant data to manage these resources and take efficient decisions. The data needed usually is of high velocity nature and are form different sensors across the city. The data produced from these sensors if stored in a data base will not only consume high amount of memory but also becomes useless if it is not used in real time applications. The aim of this paper is to compare such big data architectures that focus on the ways to collect, process the data and enable fast decision making in a smart city context. Materials and Methods: The contents of the paper includes the literature review of smart sensing using optical sensors to give users a basic understanding of how data in a smart city is collected and then monitored in real time. The paper also provides review of two architectures (BASIS and CIDAP) focusing on its functionalities and usage criteria. Conclusions: The paper presents a comparative analysis of BASIS and CIDAP architectures highlighting its strengths, limitations and applicability. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Comparitive study on big data architectures proposed for smart cities context

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches are more popular and widely acceptable for complex decision making problems. MCDM methods are used to find the best alternative by evaluating the conflict criterion. Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is one of the widely accepted MCDM approaches which are accepted by researchers because of its nature to make optimal and best decisions. The main objective of this paper is to review some of the past 6 years (2015-2010) papers related to AHP and Fuzzy AHP applications in various fields. This paper will give an overview of recent applications of AHP to the researchers to do future research in different areas. Wide acceptance of AHP approach is mainly found in management field. However, it is used in other fields like business and marketing, design, environment, agriculture, development, healthcare, banking, manufacturing, construction and other complex decision making tasks. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP applications-A review paper

Background and Objective: Nurses are critical human resource of health organization. It is very difficult to enhance the performance of healthcare organization without them. Numbers of studies are done in other countries but very few of them exist in India. The aim of this study is to investigate the type of job (part time/ full time) influence in the utilization of various Information Technology activities. Method: This study is done for the period of 2013-14 at private Hospitals in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method is used to examine the collected data. 164 nurses have participated in this study. Out of them 85.98% nurses were full time and 14.02% were part time nurses. Results: ANOVA test results is performed based on various IT components like operating systems, computer hardware, patient information management, policy and planning development, financial, administrative, education and research, information processing concerned activities. Type of Job influence is also noticed on nurse’s attitude towards computerization. Except in the use of education and research concerned tasks, full time working nurses found to be more comfortable compared to part time working nurses in use of all other activities described above. Conclusion: There is a need to prepare part time working nurses to use computers and its applications more frequently in a comfortable way. A special training related to computer usage and its applications should be given to part time working nurses to increase their level of comfort. Part time working nurses should understand the importance of computers at their workplace. More opportunities should be given to part time working nurses to use IT and computer related applications. This will need new methods to attract them to use more IT and computers. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Job type influence in the use of information technologyby nurses in private hospitals in the state of tamilnadu in India

The study has been carried out in the medium Select hospitals at Tamil Nadu, India. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of nurses towards computerization and factors affecting the use of computers. Variables including gender, marital status, qualification, age and type of job have been studied. A random sample of 600 nurses formed the study population. Out of them 164 nurses responded to the survey. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was done to analyze the data. Results show that gender has no impact on nurse’s attitude towards computerization. Marital status, qualification level, age and type of job have been found to affect the attitude of nurses in use of computers at their workplace. Unmarried nurses have more positive attitude than married nurse. Nurses possess bachelor degree got more positive attitude than diploma holder nurses towards computers. Nurses with age range 20-25 years had more positive attitude than nurses above 26 years. Full time working nurses have more positive attitude than part time working nurses towards computerization. Lack of computers is the major concern in use of computers at their work place. Results of the study may be useful for nurse administrators and educators to develop and design educational and training programs. © 2016, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Nurse's attitude towards computerization in private hospitals of Tamil Nadu, India

Background and Objective: In the near future population in the urban areas is going to increase to 70% of the total population of the world and hence the future cities are need to be well operated and managed with lots of automation in various spheres of human life. IoT will act as the backbone for these Smart Cities and regular mundane activities like electricity consumption, pollution control, car parking, health monitoring would be handled with the help of IoT based devises Designing a general framework for the smart city is not feasible due to difference in sensor types, total number of sensors, mode of connectivity and its security levels. This paper gives an outline on architecture system in the Smart City and proposes a framework for addressing traffic issues faced in transportation. Materials and Method: The proposed framework caters the traffic issues faced by citizens using a RFID tagging methodology based on ubiquitous network architecture. The approach uses three tier architecture of sending and retrieval of alters to the users on a mobile phone aiding in transportation. Conclusion: With the expansion of urbanization, IoT is tending to become a necessity rather than a luxury. Studies are conducted at various levels to design optimized frameworks for IoT capable of storing and processing huge volume of data without compromising on security. Hence in the future days ahead IoT would become the aspect of smarter life. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

IOT: Framework for smart city

The rapid population growth increased the demand of quality healthcare delivery in the past few years. As increase amount of patient data, it is a challenging task to manage and maintain such a huge amount of data. The efficiency and effectiveness of the healthcare can be improved with the help of Information Technology in order to reduce the medical errors to maintain patient health information efficiently and make clinical decision accurately. The nurses can save more time by maintaining patient information electronically and spent more time in patient care. Use of Information Technology in healthcare by nurses can be influenced by the training and health awareness. The main aim of this paper is to study the training needs of nurses in the use of Information Technology and Computers. It assesses the knowledge and awareness of nurses in use of Information Technology and Computers at their workplace. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Information technology training needs and health awareness among nurses in india

The aim of the study was to assess the comfort level and frequency in the use of information technology (IT) among nurses and analyze the relationship between various factors governing their use. A survey was conducted during 2013-14 at select Indian Hospitals of Tamil Nadu State. Correlation analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. The nurses working in the medium sized hospitals in the State are the study population. A random sample of 600 nurses was selected for the study. Gender, qualification and age level were analyzed to found the influence on use of computer hardware, communication and administrative related activities using computers. Effective and majority use of computers for information processing activities, communication, planning and policy development activities, finance, administration, education and research can lead healthcare organization to run their processes efficiently. Hospitals can provide appropriate computer training programs and computers access to nurses to realize the benefits from IT. Healthcare professionals may encourage nurses to use IT and computers at their work place by providing them attractive incentives. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences

Use of Information Technology by Nurses in Private Hospitals in the State of Tamil Nadu in India

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the use of information technology among the school students in Tamil Nadu education system, their interest in computer science subject and their perception on computer science careers. The students are the future of our world. The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and advance technologies can play a vital role in order to shape their academic career. In this paper, we discuss the various Information Technology (IT) tools that have been adopted by the students for their learning purposes. This paper investigates the attitude of students towards computer science and related career choices, their knowledge in computer science and source of motivation towards computer science. Positive attitude has been found among students in use of IT tools. Students have a good knowledge and awareness towards computers and the source of motivation depends on their interest. © Research India Publications.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research

Use of information technology among school students in the state of Tamil Nadu, India

Software development is a sequential process where the allied steps in the development lifecycle involve planning and modularization, requirement engineering, analysis of product viability, profits estimation, strategic decision making, maintenance strategies etc. Often, most of these phases are pretty complex and thereby, extremely difficult to handle solely through human intervention, mainly due to the size of the project, the number of factors to be taken into consideration at each modular level and the rapidly changing external environment. In this paper we aim to provide an intuition on using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the different phases of the software development lifecycle. Our paper focuses on a specific software development example for clarity and precision, but most of the techniques are highly general and scalable to any software development process. © 2005 - 2013 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

Use of Artificial Intelligence in automation of sequential steps of software development / production

Electronic Health Record has potential to improve patient care by managing patient's medical and personal information efficiently and effectively. It is easy to maintain patient information electronically compared to paper based records. Many studies have been done in other countries to study the effective use of Electronic Health Record, but a small number of studies exist in Indian situation. This study is a footstep in this route. This study has been done to know the use of electronic health records among nurses in private medium sized hospitals of Tamil Nadu, India. The objective of the study is to explore the use of Electronic Health Records and barriers in using it among nurses. This study also analyzes the factors affecting nurses to adopt electronic health record. Only a third of the nurses (33%) use electronic health record. Lack of training is the major hindrance in use electronic health record among nurses. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.