Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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This paper deals with the impact of temporal variation of Land use/Land cover (LULC) and precipitation on runoff estimation for an un-gauged hilly watershed in Kodagu District of Karnataka, India. Sloped Terrain of the watershed and increasing trend of rainfall over the last decade, has been contributing to high runoff values which has ultimately damaged the rich flora and fauna of the region. The total area of the watershed is 459.31 km2. The land use/land cover change analysis has been performed for the years 2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been used to identify the watershed and for developing thematic maps. Very popular, soil conservation service - Curve number (SCS-CN) (USDA), method has been used in this study to estimate the seasonal runoff from the rainfall. The LULC maps have been generated by supervised maximum likelihood classification technique in order to get higher accuracy in the estimation of curve numbers. Class-wise runoff coefficients have been estimated to analyse the response of each class to rainfall. The runoff response for a watershed depends both on precipitation as well as land use/land cover classes. The impact of both the factors has been assessed in the estimation of runoff, and it has been observed that the impact of rainfall factor is more. The runoff values have been obtained for return periods of 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 years by using the value of runoff coefficient averaged over 15 years. © 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.

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Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

School of Civil Engineering

Vellore Campus

Watershed Management 2020: A Clear Vision of Watershed Management - Selected Papers from the Watershed Management Conference 2020

Impact of Temporal Variation of Land Use/Land Cover and Precipitation on Runoff Estimation in an Ungauged Hilly Watershed in Kodagu

Alteration in Land use land cover (LULC) and its causes have been measured using remote sensing while mapping of a range of LULC and their variations in spatial and temporal scales were studied using Geographical Information System (GIS). A maximum likelihood classification (MLC) algorithm has been used to classify five land cover classes. The study shows that from 2001 to 2011 water body, forest cover and barren land were decreased whereas, agriculture land and built up area was increased by 21.38% and 53.6% respectively. In between 2011 to 2015, there has been a significant increase in water body which led to an increase in agricultural land. The rate of decrease in forest cover observed in all these years was almost the same. The built-up area doubled in the year 2015 as compared to 2011. It was found that during 2015 to 2018 water body was increased by 5%. But built up area got increased almost twice and the barren land was decreased by 7.25% whereas, the forest cover reduced to 84.25 km2 from 92.05 km2. Desirable policies for the sustainable development are necessary by adequately using the available resources to achieve proper Rurban planning. Restricting unnecessary construction, protecting the proper balance between natural and semi-natural land, harvesting rainwater, maintaining vertical expansion of built up, can be utilized to achieve sustainability. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management through Design

Landscape Changes and Sustainable Development Policy in a Developing Area: A Case Study in Chirrakunta Rurban Cluster

This study shows the current scenario of sustainable livelihood security index of Allapur S Rurban cluster, located in the newly born Telengana State. Calculating economic efficiency index, ecological security index and social equity index and eventually Sustainable Livelihood Security index (SLSI) were carried out at the village levels using spatial and non-spatial data. Normalisation of the selected indicators were first done and then calculated. Results from the study indicate that the study area possesses a very low SLSI with only Narayanpur and Odandapur village which cover 11.13 per cent of the total geographical area of the cluster as sustainable and secure villages. 59.58 per cent of the geographical area and 65.83 per cent of the population are moderately sustainable category. Whereas, eight villages which accounted for 27.37 per cent population of the total cluster are under less sustainable and very less sustainable category. There is an urgent need to reorient development programmers and carry out priority-wise development investments into these vulnerable villages to provide resources and opportunities to ameliorate their ecological security, economic efficiency and social equity which further sustainable livelihood security. © 2018 National Institute of Rural Development. All rights reserved.

VIT Unitversity

Journal of Rural Development

ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF ALLAPUR S RURBAN CLUSTER

Human Activities, especially deforestation, agriculture and expanding the industries may impact on depletion of natural resources and contribute to global climate change. Deforestation and expanding the industries have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) level in the atmosphere. These activities affect on the environment depending on the Terrestrial ecosystem. Remote Sensing data are used for calculating the Terrestrial ecosystem to estimate the increasing and decreasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Storage of carbon on land depends on four carbon pools, they are above ground biomass, below ground biomass, soil, and dead organic matter.Using the land use and land cover maps, the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoff) model can estimate the net amount of carbon stored in a land parcel. The outputs of InVEST model can support NGOs, and decisions by governments. The InVEST model result indicates positive values for carbon storage increased where negative values show loss of carbon. -1392299789.91 mg of C loss of carbon during 2011-2014. - 423909045.87 mg of C loss of carbon during 2014-2015. 1512332394.91 mg of C of carbon sequestrated during 2015-2016. © 2018 National Institute of Rural Development. All rights reserved.

ASSESSMENT OF CARBON STORAGE AND EROSION USING INVEST MODEL IN VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

Soil testing and analysis has become essential before commencement of any activity or process on soil i.e. residential construction, road construction etc. It is the most important work particularly in coastal area as these areas are more vulnerable to the natural disastrous like tsunami and cyclone. In India, there is lack of facility to collect and analyse the soil from the field. Hence, to study the various characteristics of the coastal region sub soil, Old Mahabalipuram area, which is the South East region of India has been chosen in this study. The aim of this study is to collect and analyse the soil sample from various localities of the Old Mahabalipuram area. The analysed soil data will be helpful for the people who are working in the field of Geotechnical in coastal region of India to make decision. The soil sample collected from different boreholes have undergone various field and laboratory tests like Pressuremeter Test, Field Permeability Test, Electrical Resistivity Test, Standard Penetration Test, Shear Test, Atterberg Limits etc. are performed including rock tests to know the geotechnical properties of the soil samples for each and every stratum. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Studies on geotechnical properties of subsoil in south east coastal region of India

Runoff and soil erosion are two important factors in water resources management. These factors should be considered while planning for watershed management. But, researchers face difficulties in the modeling of runoff and soil erosion in the watershed due to their nonlinearity and scaling effect. The hydrological connectivity may decrease due to infiltration and deposition of sediment in watershed. Hence, it is important to use tools like rainfall-runoff simulation model to estimate runoff and soil erosion from the small watershed. There are a lots of models are available to predict runoff and sediment from the small watershed. In this study, Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method is used to predict the depth of runoff and peak discharge from an ungauged small watershed by coupling remote sensing and GIS software with HEC-HMS. By using the peak discharge and depth of runoff the sediment yield has been estimated by using Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The regression analysis method has been used to derive the relationship between the depths of rainfall sediment yield from the small watershed. The frequency analysis has been performed to predict the depth of runoff and sediment yield in the different return period. © IAEME Publication.